Learn Farsi: آیا راهکار جدیدی برای این مشکل مالی یافتید؟ - Did you find a new solution for this financial problem?

یافتن is the formal and literary equivalent of پیدا کردن (to find). While your current lesson focuses on its use as a light verb to show a change of state (like توسعه یافتن meaning to develop), you will also frequently see it used on its own as a simple verb meaning to find in formal written Farsi or polite speech, just as it is here.

Why is the indefinite suffix ی attached to the adjective جدید rather than the noun راهکار?

In Farsi, when a noun is modified by an adjective, the indefinite ی (meaning a or an) typically attaches to the very end of the noun phrase. So instead of راهکاری جدید, the phrase correctly becomes راهکار جدیدی (a new solution).

Is the ی at the end of مالی also an indefinite marker?

No, the ی in مالی is a completely different suffix. It is an adjectival suffix that turns the noun مال (wealth, property) into the adjective مالی (financial). It is a permanent part of the word here, not an a/an marker.

Since this is a formal sentence, is the question word آیا strictly required?

It is still not grammatically mandatory; you could drop it and just use a rising intonation at the end of the sentence. However, because words like یافتن set a formal, often written tone, speakers and writers are much more likely to include to match that elevated speech than they would in everyday casual conversations.