Breakdown of پدر من مخالفت میکند و نمیگذارد بعد از شام معاشرت کنم.
من
I
و
and
پدرpedar
father
شامshâm
dinner
بعد ازba'd az
after (time)
گذاشتنgozâshtan
to let / allow
معاشرت کردنmo'âsharat kardan
to socialize
مخالفت کردنmokhâlefat kardan
to oppose
Questions & Answers about پدر من مخالفت میکند و نمیگذارد بعد از شام معاشرت کنم.
Where is the word for 'me' in the phrase 'does not let me'?
Farsi handles this differently than English! Instead of using a pronoun like 'me', the person who is permitted (or not permitted) to do something is shown by the conjugation of the second verb. معاشرت کنم (mo'âsharat konam) means 'I socialize'. So, the sentence literally translates to: 'He doesn't let [that] I socialize.'
Why is the second verb معاشرت کنم (mo'âsharat konam) in the subjunctive?
This is the rule for the verb گذاشتن (gozâshtan, meaning to let/allow). Whenever you use a verb of permission, the action being permitted must take the present subjunctive form. The first verb is conjugated for the person giving permission (the father: نمیگذارد / nemi-gozârad) and the second verb is conjugated for the person doing the action (I: کنم / konam).
The subjunctive usually starts with بـ (be-). Why doesn't معاشرت کنم (mo'âsharat konam) have it?
معاشرت کردن (mo'âsharat kardan - to socialize) is a compound verb. When forming the present subjunctive for compound verbs that end in کردن (kardan), the بـ (be-) prefix is usually dropped. You simply use the present stem of the auxiliary verb, which gives us کنم (konam).
Why is the first verb, مخالفت میکند (mokhâlefat mi-konad), in the normal present tense instead of the subjunctive?
Because it is stating a real, factual habit ('My father opposes'). The subjunctive is only triggered for hypothetical or dependent actions, like the 'socializing' that follows the verb of permission. Since the father's opposition is a stated fact, it uses the regular present indicative prefix می (mi-).
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