Verbs of Permission
In Farsi, when you talk about giving or denying permission, you use a main verb of permission followed by the Present Subjunctive for the action being allowed.
The most common verb for this is گذاشتن (to let / to allow). You conjugate گذاشتن for the person giving permission, and the second verb is conjugated in the subjunctive for the person performing the action.
| The parents do not let the teenager go out. | والدین نمیگذارند نوجوان بیرون برود.vâledeyn nemigozârand nojavân birun beravad. |
To deny permission, you simply make the main verb negative. The subjunctive verb typically stays positive.
| The parents oppose and do not let him go. | والدین مخالفت میکنند و نمیگذارند او برود.vâledeyn mokhâlefat mikonand o nemigozârand u beravad. |
Permitting and Stacking Subjunctives
Another essential verb is اجازه دادن (to permit / literally "to give permission"). It functions just like گذاشتن, requiring the following verb to be in the present subjunctive.
| A mature adult permits the teenager to become more independent than before. | بزرگسال بالغ اجازه میدهد نوجوان مستقلتر از قبل بشود.bozorgsâl bâligh ejâze midahad nojavân mostaghel-tar az qabl beshavad. |
When teenagers push for independence, sentences can become complex. If you use verbs like "to expect" or "to convince," which also require the subjunctive, you can end up with a chain of subjunctive verbs. Notice that اجازه دادن often uses the preposition به (to) to indicate the person receiving permission.
| The teenager expects the parents to permit him to socialize. | نوجوان توقع دارد والدین به او اجازه دهند معاشرت کند.nojavân tavaqqo' dârad vâledeyn be u ejâze dahand mo'âsherat konad. |
Permitting a Negative Action
Sometimes the permitted action itself is negative (e.g., letting someone not do something). In this case, the subjunctive verb takes the negative prefix. You will even see sentences where both the permission verb and the subjunctive verb are negative to express strict denial of a negative action!
| Strict parents do not let the teenager not study. | والدین سختگیر اجازه نمیدهند نوجوان درس نخواند.vâledeyn-e sakht-gir ejâze nemidahand nowjavân dars nakhânad. |