Breakdown of هیچکس نباید بدون کلاه توری به کندو نزدیک شود.
کلاهkolâh
hat
بهbe
to
بایدbâyad
must
هیچکسhichkas
nobody
بدونbedun-e
without
کندوkandu
hive
نزدیک شدنnazdik shodan
to approach (get closer)
توریtûri
net / veil
نبایدnabâyad
must not, should not
Questions & Answers about هیچکس نباید بدون کلاه توری به کندو نزدیک شود.
The lesson is about impersonal necessity like lâzem ast, but here we have nabâyad. Do they follow the same grammar rules?
Yes. While lâzem ast (it is necessary) is an impersonal phrase and nabâyad (must not) is a modal verb, they both express obligation. In Farsi, any expression of necessity requires the following main verb to be in the present subjunctive form. That is why this sentence ends with the subjunctive shavad.
hich-kas means no one and nabâyad is negative. Why are there two negatives?
Farsi requires double negatives. Whenever you use a negative pronoun like hich-kas (nobody) or hich-chiz (nothing), the main verb must also be made negative. A literal translation would be "Nobody must not approach," but in English we drop the second negative.
Why is the preposition be used before kandu (hive)? Doesn't the verb already mean approach?
The compound verb nazdik shodan literally translates to "to become near." Because you are getting near to something, it always takes the preposition be (to). You cannot directly attach the object to the verb the way you do in English.
How does kolâh-e turi translate to net hat?
kolâh means hat. The word tur means net or mesh, and adding the -i suffix turns it into a descriptive adjective. The hidden ezâfe vowel (pronounced "e") links the noun to its adjective, creating kolâh-e turi (hat of net).
If shavad is in the present subjunctive, why doesn't it start with the be- prefix?
The verb shodan (to become) is a common exception to the subjunctive rule. Instead of adding a be- prefix like most verbs do, it simply conjugates as shavam, shavi, shavad, and so on without it.
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