Breakdown of او خودش افکار مثبت دارد، در حالی که برادرش فقط چیزهای منفی را میبیند.
او
he/she
برادرbarâdar
brother
داشتنdâshtan
to have
دیدنdidan
to see / to watch
Questions & Answers about او خودش افکار مثبت دارد، در حالی که برادرش فقط چیزهای منفی را میبیند.
Why do we have both u (he) and khodash right next to each other?
This is an emphatic use of khod-. By saying u khodash (he himself), the sentence emphasizes that he specifically has these positive thoughts, setting up a strong contrast with his brother. The ending -ash matches the third-person subject u. You could drop khodash, but keeping it makes the contrast much stronger.
The ending -ash is used in both khodash and barâdarash. Do they serve the same function?
Structurally, yes. They are both the third-person singular possessive ending meaning his, her, or its. In barâdarash, it shows standard possession (his brother). However, attached to khod-, it creates the emphatic pronoun himself. Farsi builds all of its reflexive and emphatic pronouns by combining khod with these regular possessive endings.
Why does chizhâ-ye manfi (negative things) get a râ, but afkâr-e mosbat (positive thoughts) does not?
The word râ marks a specific, definite direct object. In the second half, negative things is treated as a known, specific focus of the brother's vision, so it takes râ. In the first half, positive thoughts is a general category, and it is the object of the verb dârad (to have). General objects, especially with the verb to have, usually do not take râ.
Is afkâr a plural word?