Learn Farsi: با وجود اینکه دریا تاریک است، این موجود دریایی زنده می‌ماند. - Despite the fact that the sea is dark, this marine creature survives.

The phrase bâ vojud-e inke means "despite the fact that." Because it introduces a known, concrete reality (the fact that the sea is dark), the verb in its clause remains in the normal indicative mood (ast). You would only use the subjunctive if the outcome was uncertain or hypothetical.

How is the word daryâ'i (marine) formed from daryâ (sea)?

Adding the suffix -i to a noun often turns it into a descriptive adjective. Because daryâ ends in the long vowel â, a bridging sound is needed before adding the vowel suffix. This bridge is written with a ye (or a hamza), resulting in daryâ'i (of the sea / marine).

Why is there an ezafe in in mojud-e daryâ'i (this marine creature)?

The ezafe (the unstressed -e sound) links the noun mojud (creature) to the adjective that describes it, daryâ'i (marine). Note that the demonstrative pronoun in (this) simply precedes the noun phrase and never takes an ezafe.

The English translation says "survives," but what is the literal translation of the verb zende mi-mânad?

It literally translates to "stays alive." It is a compound verb made of the adjective zende (alive) and , which is the third-person singular present tense of (to stay / to remain).