Question 1

How does Farsi express "whose bag" in this sentence?

Accepted Answer

Farsi doesn't have a single word for "whose." Instead, it uses the connecting word ke (that/who) followed by the noun with a possessive ending attached. Here, we see ke followed by sâk-ash (bag + his/her). Literally, the structure translates to "who his/her bag is lost."

Question 2

The translation says "The passenger," but mosâferi has the -i ending that usually means "a passenger." Why?

Accepted Answer

When a noun is followed by a relative clause that specifies exactly who or what we are talking about, Farsi adds an -i to the noun. This is sometimes called the restrictive -i. So mosâferi ke translates best to "the passenger who..." rather than "a passenger who..."

Question 3

Why is gom shodeh ast used here instead of a simple past tense?

Accepted Answer

This is the present perfect tense (has become lost / is lost). It is used here because the action happened in the past but the result continues into the present: the bag is still missing right now, which is why the passenger must describe it.

Question 4

Why is the verb towsif konad (describe) in the subjunctive form?

Accepted Answer

The word bâyad (must) always requires the verb that follows it to be in the subjunctive mood. For the compound verb towsif kardan (to describe), the action part kardan becomes konad to match the third-person singular passenger.

Question 5

What is the purpose of ân râ in the second half of the sentence?

Accepted Answer

The word ân (it/that) refers back to the lost bag. Because the bag is a specific, known item receiving the action of being described, it is a definite direct object and must be followed by the direct object marker râ.

مسافری که ساکش گمشده است، باید آن را توصیف کند.

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