Breakdown of آنها امیدوار هستند که نگهبان اجازه بدهد فردا وکیلشان را ببینند.
آنها
they
فرداfardâ
tomorrow
دیدنdidan
to see / to watch
راrâ
definite direct object marker
کهke
that (conjunction)
امیدوار بودنomidvâr budan
to hope
وکیلvakil
lawyer
نگهبانnegahbân
guard
اجازه دادنejâze dâdan
to allow
اجازهejâze
permission
امیدوارomidvâr
hopeful
Questions & Answers about آنها امیدوار هستند که نگهبان اجازه بدهد فردا وکیلشان را ببینند.
Why are both بدهد and ببینند in the subjunctive form here?
This sentence has a chain of dependent actions. First, the phrase for being hopeful requires the next verb to be in the subjunctive, making it اجازه بدهد. Then, as you learned in this lesson, the verb for allowing also requires the subjunctive for the permitted action, which makes the final verb ببینند.
If the verb for allowing usually pairs with که before the next action, why is there only one که in this sentence?
It is very common in Farsi to drop the second که in a chain of connected verbs so the sentence flows better. The structure is literally hoping that the guard allows that tomorrow they see their lawyer, but the second که is simply left out here.
How do the verb endings help us track who is doing what in this sentence?
The sentence jumps between different subjects, and the verb endings make this clear. اجازه بدهد ends with a singular suffix, pointing to نگهبان. ببینند ends with a plural suffix, pointing back to آنها who are the ones actually seeing the lawyer.
How is the word وکیلشان built, and why does را come right after it?
It is built from وکیل meaning lawyer, plus the possessive suffix شان meaning their. Because their lawyer is a specific known person, it must be marked as the direct object of the verb to see. The specific object marker را always goes at the very end of the noun phrase, right after the possessive suffix.
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