Breakdown of مربی دستور میدهد و از سگ میخواهد که پارس نکند.
و
and
سگsag
dog
ازaz
from
دادنdâdan
to give
خواستنkhâstan
to want / to ask (request from someone)
کهke
that (conjunction)
مربیmorabbi
coach / trainer
دستورdastur
command / order
پارس کردنpârs kardan
to bark
Questions & Answers about مربی دستور میدهد و از سگ میخواهد که پارس نکند.
Why do we use az before sag?
In Farsi, when you ask someone to do something, you literally express that you "want from" them. So, az sag میخواهد (az sag mikhâhad) translates to "he wants from the dog." We use az (from) with خواستن (khâstan - to want) to indicate who is receiving the command or request.
Why is the verb نکند (nakonad) in the subjunctive form here?
Because it follows میخواهد که (mikhâhad ke, meaning "wants that"). Whenever you express a desire, request, or command for someone else to do an action, that second action isn't a stated fact yet, so the verb must be in the subjunctive mood.
I thought the subjunctive needed a be- prefix. Why is it missing in پارس نکند (pârs nakonad)?
You are right that the present subjunctive usually takes the be- prefix. However, when the verb is negative, the negative prefix na- completely replaces the be- prefix. So, the positive "that it barks" is پارس بکند (pârs bekonad), but the negative "that it doesn't bark" drops the be- and becomes پارس نکند (pârs nakonad).
How is the verb "gives a command" built in this sentence?
It uses the compound verb دستور دادن (dastur dâdan), which literally means "to give an order." دستور (dastur) means "command" or "order," and میدهد (midahad) is the third-person singular present tense of "to give."
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