Breakdown of برادر من قبل از اینکه کیک را سفارش بدهد، لیست مهمانها را مینویسد.
من
I
برادرbarâdar
brother
نوشتنneveshtan
to write
مهمانmehmân
guest
راrâ
definite direct object marker
قبل ازqabl az
before
اینکهin-ke
that (conjunction)
کیکkeik
cake
سفارش دادنsefâresh dâdan
to order
لیستlist
list
Questions & Answers about برادر من قبل از اینکه کیک را سفارش بدهد، لیست مهمانها را مینویسد.
Why do we use سفارش بدهد instead of the normal present tense سفارش میدهد?
This is because of the phrase قبل از اینکه (before). In Farsi, when you talk about doing something before another action, the action following 'before' hasn't actually happened yet. We show this uncertainty by using the present subjunctive form بدهد instead of the regular present tense.
How do you make the subjunctive form of a compound verb like سفارش دادن (to order)?
You only change the second part of the verb, which is the helper or 'light' verb. The noun سفارش (order) stays exactly the same, while دادن (to give) takes the subjunctive prefix 'be-' and changes to بدهد.
Why does برادر من (my brother) come before قبل از اینکه (before)?
In Farsi, it is very common to place the main subject at the very beginning of the sentence to establish who we are talking about, even before the conjunction. You could also say قبل از اینکه برادر من..., but putting the subject first flows very naturally in spoken Farsi.
Why is the object marker را used twice in this sentence?
The word را marks a specific direct object. This sentence has two different actions, and both have specific objects: کیک (the specific cake he is ordering) and لیست مهمانها (the specific guest list he is writing). Because both objects are specific, they both need their own را.
How do the words لیست (list) and مهمانها (guests) connect in the second half of the sentence?
They are connected using the invisible ezafe vowel, pronounced as '-e'. You read it as list-e mehmān-hā to link the noun to its modifier, which works just like saying 'list of guests' in English.
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