Breakdown of آیا پیام من را خواندند؟ نه، نفرستادمش.
من
I
آیاâyâ
whether (question particle)
نهna
no
خواندنkhândan
to read / to study (a subject)
راrâ
definite direct object marker
فرستادنferestâdan
to send
پیامpayâm
message
Questions & Answers about آیا پیام من را خواندند؟ نه، نفرستادمش.
How does نفرستادمش mean 'I did not send it'?
This is a great example of how Farsi packs a lot of meaning into one word! Let's break it down: نـ means 'not', فرستاد is the past stem for 'sent', ـم means 'I', and the attached enclitic at the very end, ـش, means 'it'. Put it all together and you get 'I did not send it'.
Why is there no را in the second sentence to show the object?
In the second sentence, the direct object 'it' is expressed by the enclitic ـش attached directly to the verb. When you use a pronoun enclitic like this for your object, you do not use the object marker را. The enclitic does the job all by itself!
Why do we need را after پیام من in the first sentence?
The word را marks a specific direct object. Because you are asking about 'my message' (a specific message, not just any message), you must put را right after it to show it is the target of the action 'read'.
Where are the Farsi words for 'they' and 'I' in this sentence?
Farsi usually drops separate subject pronouns because the verb endings already tell us who is doing the action. In خواندند, the ending ـند means 'they'. In نفرستادمش, the ending ـم right after the verb stem means 'I'.
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