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### Formal Rules and Stipulations

When discussing official rules, regulations (**آیین‌نامه**), and committee decisions, Farsi uses the formal verb **مقرر شدن** (to be stipulated / to be decided).

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To express a rule or regulation, we use the impersonal phrase **مقرر می‌شود که** (it is stipulated that...). Because this phrase expresses a requirement or a decreed action rather than an observed fact, the verb in the following clause must be in the **Present Subjunctive**.

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### Penalties and Suspensions

This structure is heavily used in legal and sports contexts when detailing the consequences of certain actions, such as violence or doping.

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When stipulating a state of being (for example, defining what formally counts as a foul), the verb "to be" takes its regular subjunctive form (**باشد**).

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If the stipulated consequence is passive, such as an athlete being suspended (**محروم شدن**), the passive auxiliary verb also takes the subjunctive (**شود**).

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### Appeals and Expected Actions

Just like formal stipulations, expressing expectations or likelihoods with phrases like "it seems that" (**به نظر می‌رسد که**) also requires the Present Subjunctive. You can use this to discuss the expected outcomes of a referee's whistle or a committee's review.

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Remember that combining actions with "without doing X" (**بدون اینکه**) also triggers the subjunctive for the secondary action, even if the main action already happened in the past.

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Stipulating rules (moqarrar shodan)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

suffix

verb

Singular pronouns and copula (man, -am)

Plural pronouns and copula (mâ, -im)

Subject pronoun omission

Singular demonstratives (in, ân)

Plural demonstratives (inhâ, ânhâ)

Independent copula (hastam, hast)

Negative present copula (nistam, nist)

Yes/No questions (âyâ)

Regular plurals (-hâ)

Animate plurals (-ân)

Indefiniteness (yek)

Indefinite marker (-i)

Describing nouns (-e / -ye)

Possession (-e / -ye)

Singular possessives (-am, -at, -ash)

Plural possessives (-emân, -etân, -eshân)

Basic prepositions (dar, be, az, bâ)

Spatial prepositions (ru-ye, zir-e...)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yek, do, se...)

Numbers and singular nouns

Numbers 11 to 20 (yâzdah, davâzdah...)

Counting by tens to 100

Telling time (sâ'at)

The verb to have (dâram)

Negative to have (nadâram)

Basic word order (SOV)

Infinitives and present stems (-an)

Present indicative (mi-)

Negative present indicative (nemi-)

Compound verbs

Question words (che, kojâ)

How many (chand)

The definite object marker (râ)

Object pronouns (man râ, to râ)

Singular commands (be-)

Formal and plural commands (be- ... -id)

Negative commands (na-)

The present subjunctive (be-)

The negative present subjunctive (na-)

Must (bâyad)

Might (shâyad)

Wanting to do something (khâstan)

Being able to do something (tavânestan)

Forming the past stem

The simple past of to be (budan)

The simple past tense

Negative simple past (na-)

Attached object pronouns on verbs (-am, -at, -ash)

Comparative adjectives (-tar)

Basic conjunctions (va, ammâ, yâ)

Giving reasons (chon)

Adverbs of frequency and degree (hamishe, hargez, kheyli, kam)

Everyday actions (kâr kardan, bâz kardan)

Non-human plural subjects

Indefinite pronouns (kasi, chizi, jâyi)

Negative indefinite pronouns (hich-kas, hich-chiz, hich-jâ)

Reciprocal pronouns (hamdigar, yekdigar)

Reflexive pronouns (khod-)

Reflexive direct objects (khod râ)

Emphatic pronouns (khod)

The quantifier every (har)

The quantifier all (hame)

The quantifier some (ba'zi)

Another and other (-i digar)

Which (kodâm)

How much (cheghadr)

Comparisons of equality (mesl-e)

Superlative adjectives (-tarin)

Irregular comparatives and superlatives

Ordinal numbers (-om)

Pre-nominal ordinal numbers (-omin)

Fractions and percentages

Prepositions of theme (dar mored-e)

Prepositions of time (ghabl az, ba'd az)

Preposition of exclusion (bedun-e)

Resultative conjunctions (banâbarin, pas)

Hortative construction (biyâ, biyâyid)

The present progressive tense (dâram mi-)

The past continuous tense (mi-)

Negative past continuous (ne-mi-)

Past continuous of to have (dâshtam)

The past progressive tense (dâshtam mi-)

The past participle (-e)

Present perfect tense (-e-am, -e-ast)

Negative present perfect (na-)

Question	Answer
regulation / rulebook	آیین‌نامهâyin-nâme
to be stipulated / to be decided (rules, decisions)	مقرر شدنmoqarrar shodan
committee	کمیتهkomite
In the regulation, it is stipulated that the committee must review the reports.	در آیین‌نامه مقرر می‌شود که کمیته باید گزارش‌ها را بررسی کند.dar âyin-nâme moqarrar mishavad ke komite bâyad gozâresh-hâ râ barresi konad.
disciplinary	انضباطیenzebâti
It is stipulated that the disciplinary committee review the athletes' behavior.	مقرر می‌شود که کمیته‌ی انضباطی رفتار ورزشکاران را بررسی کند.moqarrar mishavad ke komite-ye enzebâti raftâr-e varzeshkârân râ barresi konad.
violence	خشونتkhoshunat
monetary / cash	نقدیnaghdi
Due to violence, it is stipulated that the referee issues him a monetary fine.	به دلیل خشونت، مقرر می‌شود که داور او را جریمه‌ی نقدی کند.be dalil-e khoshunat, moqarrar mishavad ke dâvar u râ jarime-ye naqdi konad.
doping	دوپینگdoping
to be suspended / to be banned	محروم شدنmahrum shodan
It is stipulated that every athlete who dopes be suspended.	مقرر می‌شود که هر ورزشکاری که دوپینگ کند، محروم شود.moqarrar mishavad ke har varzeshkâri ke doping konad, mahrum shavad.
whistle	سوتsut
appeal / review (reconsideration, legal)	تجدیدنظرtajdid-e nazar
It seems that the committee will request an appeal after the referee's whistle.	به نظر می‌رسد که کمیته بعد از سوت داور تقاضای تجدیدنظر کند.be nazar mi-resad ke komite ba'd az sut-e dâvar taqâzâ-ye tajdid-e nazar konad.
In the disciplinary regulation, this move is an intentional foul.	در آیین‌نامه‌ی انضباطی، این حرکت یک خطای عمدی است.dar âyin-nâme-ye enzebâti, in harekat yek khatâ-ye amdi ast.
The new laws show that the monetary fines are very heavy.	قوانین جدید نشان می‌دهد که جریمه‌های نقدی خیلی سنگین است.qavânin-e jadid neshân midahad ke jarime-hâ-ye naqdi kheyli sangin ast.
The athlete was suspended without requesting an appeal.	ورزشکار محروم شد بدون اینکه تقاضای تجدیدنظر کند.varzeshkâr mahrum shod bedun-e inke taqâzâ-ye tajdid-e nazar konad.
The referee blows the whistle and you play without violence.	داوره سوت می‌زنه و شما بدون خشونت بازی می‌کنین.dâvare sut mizane va shomâ bedun khoshunat bâzi mikonin.
In the regulation, it is stipulated that doping is an intentional foul.	در آیین‌نامه مقرر می‌شود که دوپینگ یک خطای عمدی باشد.dar âyin-nâme moqarrar mishavad ke doping yek khatâ-ye amdi bâshad