Breakdown of در آییننامه مقرر میشود که دوپینگ یک خطای عمدی باشد.
بودنbudan
to be
یکyek
one / a, an
درdar
in
کهke
that (conjunction)
خطاkhatâ
error
عمدیamdi
intentional
آییننامهâyin-nâme
regulation / rulebook
مقرر شدنmoqarrar shodan
to be stipulated / to be decided (rules, decisions)
دوپینگdoping
doping
Questions & Answers about در آییننامه مقرر میشود که دوپینگ یک خطای عمدی باشد.
Why do we use the subjunctive bāshad here instead of the indicative ast?
Because the sentence uses moqarrar mi-shavad ke (it is stipulated that). This phrase dictates a rule or an expected condition rather than stating a simple objective fact, which requires the verb in the following subordinate clause to be in the present subjunctive.
How does the construction work in moqarrar mi-shavad?
This is a compound verb made of the Arabic-derived moqarrar (established/stipulated) and the Farsi verb shodan (to become/be). Using the third-person singular mi-shavad creates a formal, impersonal passive structure that is very common in legal and official texts to mean "It is stipulated".
What are the roots of the word āyin-nāme?
It is a compound noun meaning "regulation" or "bylaw". It combines āyin (meaning rule, custom, or practice) and nāme (meaning document, book, or letter). Literally, it translates to a "book of rules" or "document of customs".
Why is there an extra "ye" sound between xatā and 'amdi?
This is the Ezafe connecting the noun xatā (foul or error) to its adjective 'amdi (intentional). Because xatā ends in a long "ā" vowel, the Ezafe is pronounced and sometimes written with a "ye" sound to bridge the two words smoothly: xatā-ye 'amdi.
Is the word doping just the English word?
Yes, doping is a direct loanword from English. Farsi often adopts international terms for modern sports concepts and violations without changing their pronunciation much, so it sounds nearly identical to the English word.
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