Form IV verbal nouns (ef'âl)

QuestionAnswer
merger / integration
ادغامedghâm
obligation / requirement
الزامelzâm
The merger of the two companies is an obligation.
ادغام دو شرکت یک الزام است.edghâm-e do sherkat yek elzâm ast.
After the merger of the projects, they started the construction.
پس از ادغام پروژه‌ها، احداث را شروع کردند.pas az edghâm-e porozheha, ehdâs râ shoru' kardand.
application / enforcement (of rules or laws)
اعمالe'mâl
This requirement is for the enforcement of the law.
این الزام برای اعمال قانون است.in elzâm barâye e'mâl-e qânun ast.
He asked if there is a requirement for this action?
او پرسید که آیا برای این اقدام الزامی هست؟u porsid ke âyâ barâye in eghdâm elzâmi hast?
disruption / interference (intentional or hindering)
اخلالekhlâl
The application of the new rules caused disruption.
اعمال قوانین جدید باعث اخلال شد.e'mâl-e qavânin-e jadid bâ'es-e ekhlâl shod.
We must prevent the enforcement of this law.
ما باید از اعمال این قانون جلوگیری کنیم.mâ bâyad az e'mâl in qânun jelogiri konim.
Each of the managers saw the disruption in the system.
هر یک از مدیران اخلال در سیستم را دید.har yek az modirân ekhlâl dar sistem râ did.
The police arrested them because of the disruption.
پلیس آنها را به دلیل اخلال دستگیر کرد.polis ânhâ râ be dalil-e ekhlâl dastgir kard
confession / admission (of guilt or a fact)
اقرارeghrâr
His confession to the crime was enough for proof.
اقرار او به جرم، برای اثبات کافی بود.eqrâr-e u be jorm, barâye esbât kâfi bud.
The suspect made no confession.
مظنون هیچ اقراری نکرد.maznun hich eqrâri nakard.
guidance / direction (moral or official)
ارشادershâd
The minister moved toward the organization for guidance.
وزیر برای ارشاد به سوی سازمان حرکت کرد.vazir barâye ershâd be sooye sâzmân harekat kard.
Is there a need for the professor's guidance?
آیا به ارشاد استاد نیازی هست؟âyâ be ershâd-e ostâd niyâzi hast?
occupation
اشغالeshghâl
The occupation of the territory was a big mistake.
اشغال قلمرو یک اشتباه بزرگ بود.eshghâl-e ghalamrow yek eshtebâh-e bozorg bud.
The occupation of the capital ended.
اشغال پایتخت پایان یافت.eshghâl-e pâytakht pâyân yâft.
compulsion / coercion (being forced)
اجبارejbâr
He signed the contract by compulsion.
او با اجبار قرارداد را امضا کرد.u bâ ejbâr gharârdâd râ emzâ kard.
Each of the workers worked without coercion.
هر کدام از کارگران بدون اجبار کار کرد.har kodâm az kârgarân bedun ejbâr kâr kard.
leniency / concession
ارفاقerfâq
The judge showed no leniency to the guilty.
قاضی هیچ ارفاقی به گناهکار نکرد.qâzi hich erfâqi be gonâhkâr nakard.
We expected that he would show leniency.
ما توقع داشتیم که او ارفاق کند.mâ tavaqqo' dâshtim ke u erfâq konad.
expression / showing
ابرازebrâz
His expression of interest was very interesting.
ابراز علاقه‌ی او خیلی جالب بود.ebrâz-e alâqe-ye u kheyli jâleb bud.
They asked if the expression of anger is necessary?
آنها پرسیدند که آیا ابراز خشم لازم است؟ânhâ porsidand ke âyâ ebrâz khashm lâzem ast?