Question 1

How does the word اجبار (ejbâr) fit the Arabic ef'âl pattern we are learning?

Accepted Answer

It follows the exact e-C1-C2-â-C3 pattern using the Arabic root j-b-r (ج-ب-ر), which relates to forcing or restoring. By placing this root into the pattern, it creates a noun of causation: اجبار literally means the act of forcing, resulting in 'compulsion'.

Question 2

The word امضا (emzâ) starts with an 'e' and has an 'â' before the end. Is it also an ef'âl noun?

Accepted Answer

Yes, it is! امضا (signature) comes from the Arabic root m-ż-y (م-ض-ی), which relates to executing or bringing to completion. Because the final root letter is 'weak' (a semi-vowel), the pattern modifies slightly at the end, but the core e-C1-C2-â structure remains. It originally means 'causing something to be executed,' which is exactly what a signature does to a contract.

Question 3

Is با اجبار (bâ ejbâr) the standard way to translate 'under duress' or 'forcibly'?

Accepted Answer

Yes. Farsi frequently pairs the preposition با (with) and an abstract noun to create adverbs of manner. با اجبار (literally 'with compulsion') is the natural way to express that someone did something forcibly or under duress. You might also encounter the Arabic-style adverb مجبوراً (majburan) to mean the exact same thing.

Question 4

Just as a quick refresher, why is را (râ) used after قرارداد (qarârdâd)?

Accepted Answer

The marker را shows that قرارداد (contract) is a specific, definite direct object ('the contract'). If he had signed an unspecified contract ('He signed a contract under duress'), you would drop را and add the indefinite suffix ی (i) instead, making it: او با اجبار قراردادی امضا کرد.

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