Breakdown of قاضی هیچ ارفاقی به گناهکار نکرد.
بهbe
to
کردنkardan
to do / to make
هیچhich
none, (not) any
قاضیqâzi
judge
گناهکارgonâhkâr
guilty (of a crime or sin)
ارفاقerfâq
leniency / concession
Questions & Answers about قاضی هیچ ارفاقی به گناهکار نکرد.
How does the word erfâq demonstrate the Arabic Form IV (Ef'âl) pattern we are studying?
erfâq (leniency) fits the 'e-C1-C2-â-C3' pattern perfectly. Its three-letter Arabic root is r-f-q (ر - ف - ق), which relates to gentleness or companionship (you may recognize it from the word rafiq, meaning friend). Putting those root letters into the Form IV mold gives us erfâq, carrying the causative meaning of "applying gentleness" or "showing leniency."
Why is there an -i added to the end of erfâq, making it erfâqi?
This is a grammatical requirement triggered by the word hič (no/any). When hič modifies a noun in a negative sentence to mean "no [noun]" or "not any [noun]", that noun must take the indefinite enclitic -i. Therefore, "no leniency" becomes hič erfâqi.
The English translation says "showed no leniency", but the Farsi verb is nakard (did not do). Why?
Farsi relies heavily on compound verbs made of a noun plus a "light verb" like kardan (to do) or dâdan (to give). The action of "showing leniency" is expressed in Farsi as erfâq kardan (literally "to do leniency"). Because the sentence is negative ("did not do"), the verb takes the negative prefix na- to become nakard.
How is the word gonâhkâr (the guilty) formed?
It is a compound built from the noun gonâh (sin, guilt, or fault) and the suffix -kâr (doer/agent). So, a gonâhkâr is literally a "doer of sin" or "wrongdoer," which translates smoothly to "the guilty (person)."
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