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### "Every" Single One

When a health inspector checks a restaurant, they look at everything. To talk about universal rules, you'll need the word for "every" or "each" (**هر**).

Grammatically, **هر** sits directly in front of a **singular noun**. You do *not* use an Ezafe connector between **هر** and the noun.

{{item:793216}}

### "All" of Them

To talk about "all" of something, use the word **همه**. Unlike "every," "all" groups multiple things together, so it is followed by a **plural noun**.

Crucially, **همه** requires an Ezafe to connect to the noun. Because **همه** ends in a vowel, the Ezafe is written as **ی**, making it **همه‌ی** (literally "all of").

{{item:793218}}

### Syntactic Contrast

Whether you use **هر** or **همه‌ی** depends on whether you are framing your sentence around a singular "each" or a plural "all." Notice the contrast below: no Ezafe with the singular noun, but a mandatory Ezafe with the plural noun.

{{item:793221}}

{{item:793223}}

### Adding Adjectives and Objects

These quantifiers can be used whether the noun is the subject or the direct object. If the noun has an adjective, the adjective simply follows the noun with its normal Ezafe, unaffected by the quantifier up front.

{{item:793231}}

When the entire phrase is a specific direct object, the object marker **را** goes at the very end of the noun phrase, after the noun and any of its adjectives.

{{item:793233}}

{{item:793234}}

Every vs. all (har, hame-ye)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

suffix

verb

Singular pronouns and copula (man, -am)

Plural pronouns and copula (mâ, -im)

Subject pronoun omission

Singular demonstratives (in, ân)

Plural demonstratives (inhâ, ânhâ)

Independent copula (hastam, hast)

Negative present copula (nistam, nist)

Yes/No questions (âyâ)

Regular plurals (-hâ)

Animate plurals (-ân)

Indefiniteness (yek)

Indefinite marker (-i)

Describing nouns (-e / -ye)

Possession (-e / -ye)

Singular possessives (-am, -at, -ash)

Plural possessives (-emân, -etân, -eshân)

Basic prepositions (dar, be, az, bâ)

Spatial prepositions (ru-ye, zir-e...)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yek, do, se...)

Numbers and singular nouns

Numbers 11 to 20 (yâzdah, davâzdah...)

Counting by tens to 100

Telling time (sâ'at)

The verb to have (dâram)

Negative to have (nadâram)

Basic word order (SOV)

Infinitives and present stems (-an)

Present indicative (mi-)

Negative present indicative (nemi-)

Compound verbs

Question words (che, kojâ)

How many (chand)

The definite object marker (râ)

Object pronouns (man râ, to râ)

Singular commands (be-)

Formal and plural commands (be- ... -id)

Negative commands (na-)

The present subjunctive (be-)

The negative present subjunctive (na-)

Must (bâyad)

Might (shâyad)

Wanting to do something (khâstan)

Being able to do something (tavânestan)

Forming the past stem

The simple past of to be (budan)

The simple past tense

Negative simple past (na-)

Attached object pronouns on verbs (-am, -at, -ash)

Comparative adjectives (-tar)

Basic conjunctions (va, ammâ, yâ)

Giving reasons (chon)

Adverbs of frequency and degree (hamishe, hargez, kheyli, kam)

Everyday actions (kâr kardan, bâz kardan)

Non-human plural subjects

Indefinite pronouns (kasi, chizi, jâyi)

Negative indefinite pronouns (hich-kas, hich-chiz, hich-jâ)

Reciprocal pronouns (hamdigar, yekdigar)

Reflexive pronouns (khod-)

Reflexive direct objects (khod râ)

Emphatic pronouns (khod)

The quantifier every (har)

The quantifier all (hame)

The quantifier some (ba'zi)

Another and other (-i digar)

Which (kodâm)

How much (cheghadr)

Comparisons of equality (mesl-e)

Superlative adjectives (-tarin)

Irregular comparatives and superlatives

Ordinal numbers (-om)

Pre-nominal ordinal numbers (-omin)

Fractions and percentages

Prepositions of theme (dar mored-e)

Prepositions of time (ghabl az, ba'd az)

Preposition of exclusion (bedun-e)

Resultative conjunctions (banâbarin, pas)

Hortative construction (biyâ, biyâyid)

The present progressive tense (dâram mi-)

The past continuous tense (mi-)

Negative past continuous (ne-mi-)

Past continuous of to have (dâshtam)

The past progressive tense (dâshtam mi-)

The past participle (-e)

Present perfect tense (-e-am, -e-ast)

Negative present perfect (na-)

Question	Answer
standard	استانداردestândârd
hygiene / health (public health, sanitation)	بهداشتbehdâsht
Every restaurant must observe hygiene standards.	هر رستوران باید استانداردهای بهداشت را رعایت کند.har resturân bâyad estândârdhâ-ye behdâsht râ re'âyat konad
sanitary / hygienic	بهداشتیbehdâshti
All of the sanitary standards are important.	همه‌ی استانداردهای بهداشتی مهم هستند.hame-ye estândârdhâ-ye behdâshti mohem hastand.
uniform / smock	روپوشrupush
restroom / sink (bathroom)	دستشوییdastshuyi
Every worker must leave their uniform outside the restroom.	هر کارگر باید روپوش خود را بیرون دستشویی بگذارد.har kârgar bâyad rupush-e khod râ birun-e dastshuyi begzârad.
to disinfect	ضدعفونی کردنzedd-e-ofuni kardan
All of the workers can wash and disinfect the uniforms here.	همه‌ی کارگران می‌توانند روپوش‌ها را اینجا بشویند و ضدعفونی کنند.hame-ye kârgarân mitavânand ruposh-hâ râ injâ beshuyand va zedd-e-ofuni konand.
The manager cannot disinfect every restroom every day.	مدیر نمی‌تواند هر دستشویی را هر روز ضدعفونی کند.modir nemitavânad har dastshuyi râ har ruz zedd'ofuni konad.
expiration	انقضاenghezâ
product	محصولmahsul
We check the expiration date of every product for hygiene.	ما برای بهداشت تاریخ انقضای هر محصول را چک می‌کنیم.mâ barâye behdâsht târikh-e enghezâ-ye har mahsul râ chek mikonim.
poisoning	مسمومیتmasmumiyat
Every product without an expiration date is dangerous and causes poisoning.	هر محصول بدون تاریخ انقضا خطرناک است و مسمومیت می‌آورد.har mahsul-e bedun-e târikh-e enghezâ khatarnâk ast va masmumiyat mi-âvarad
permit / license	مجوزmojavvez
All clean cafes must have a sanitary permit.	همه‌ی کافه‌های تمیز باید مجوز بهداشتی داشته باشند.hame-ye kâfe-hâye tamiz bâyad mojavvez-e behdâshti dâshte bâshand.
to seal / to close down	پلمب کردنpelomb kardan
The inspector closes down every shop without a permit.	بازرس هر مغازه‌ی بدون مجوز را پلمب می‌کند.bâzras har maghâze-ye bedun-e mojavvez râ polomb mikonad
They close down all of the dirty restaurants after the poisoning.	آن‌ها بعد از مسمومیت همه‌ی رستوران‌های کثیف را پلمب می‌کنند.ânhâ ba'd az masmumiyat hameye resturânhâye kasif râ palomb mikonand
All of the dirty restaurants are no longer open without a permit.	همه‌ی رستوران‌های کثیف دیگر بدون مجوز باز نیستند.hame-ye restorân-hâ-ye kasif digar bedun-e mojavvez bâz nistand.