Chinese (Mandarin)

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic (Modern Standard)

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Dari

Farsi

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

### The Animate Plural Suffix (ان)

While ها is the universal plural suffix in Farsi, there is a special plural marker used primarily for people and animate beings: ان.

To make a noun for a person plural, simply attach ان to the end of the word.

{{item:771455}}

{{item:771464}}

{{item:771458}}

### Words Ending in ه (گان)

If a noun describing a person ends in a silent ه, this letter is replaced by گ before adding the suffix, creating the ending گان.

{{item:771467}}

{{item:771476}}

### Words Ending in Vowels (یان)

If a word ends in a long vowel (like ا or و), a ی acts as a bridge, creating the ending یان.

{{item:771468}}

### Plural Subjects, Plural Verbs

Unlike inanimate plural subjects, which often take singular verbs, animate plural subjects must always take a plural verb.

{{item:771477}}

{{item:771474}}

Animate plurals (-ân)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

suffix

verb

Singular pronouns and copula (man, -am)

Plural pronouns and copula (mâ, -im)

Subject pronoun omission

Singular demonstratives (in, ân)

Plural demonstratives (inhâ, ânhâ)

Independent copula (hastam, hast)

Negative present copula (nistam, nist)

Yes/No questions (âyâ)

Regular plurals (-hâ)

Indefiniteness (yek)

Indefinite marker (-i)

Describing nouns (-e / -ye)

Possession (-e / -ye)

Singular possessives (-am, -at, -ash)

Plural possessives (-emân, -etân, -eshân)

Basic prepositions (dar, be, az, bâ)

Spatial prepositions (ru-ye, zir-e...)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yek, do, se...)

Numbers and singular nouns

Numbers 11 to 20 (yâzdah, davâzdah...)

Counting by tens to 100

Telling time (sâ'at)

The verb to have (dâram)

Negative to have (nadâram)

Basic word order (SOV)

Infinitives and present stems (-an)

Present indicative (mi-)

Negative present indicative (nemi-)

Compound verbs

Question words (che, kojâ)

How many (chand)

The definite object marker (râ)

Object pronouns (man râ, to râ)

Singular commands (be-)

Formal and plural commands (be- ... -id)

Negative commands (na-)

The present subjunctive (be-)

The negative present subjunctive (na-)

Must (bâyad)

Might (shâyad)

Wanting to do something (khâstan)

Being able to do something (tavânestan)

Forming the past stem

The simple past of to be (budan)

The simple past tense

Negative simple past (na-)

Attached object pronouns on verbs (-am, -at, -ash)

Comparative adjectives (-tar)

Basic conjunctions (va, ammâ, yâ)

Giving reasons (chon)

Adverbs of frequency and degree (hamishe, hargez, kheyli, kam)

Everyday actions (kâr kardan, bâz kardan)

Non-human plural subjects

Indefinite pronouns (kasi, chizi, jâyi)

Negative indefinite pronouns (hich-kas, hich-chiz, hich-jâ)

Reciprocal pronouns (hamdigar, yekdigar)

Reflexive pronouns (khod-)

Reflexive direct objects (khod râ)

Emphatic pronouns (khod)

The quantifier every (har)

The quantifier all (hame)

The quantifier some (ba'zi)

Another and other (-i digar)

Which (kodâm)

How much (cheghadr)

Comparisons of equality (mesl-e)

Superlative adjectives (-tarin)

Irregular comparatives and superlatives

Ordinal numbers (-om)

Pre-nominal ordinal numbers (-omin)

Fractions and percentages

Prepositions of theme (dar mored-e)

Prepositions of time (ghabl az, ba'd az)

Preposition of exclusion (bedun-e)

Resultative conjunctions (banâbarin, pas)

Hortative construction (biyâ, biyâyid)

The present progressive tense (dâram mi-)

The past continuous tense (mi-)

Negative past continuous (ne-mi-)

Past continuous of to have (dâshtam)

The past progressive tense (dâshtam mi-)

The past participle (-e)

Present perfect tense (-e-am, -e-ast)

Negative present perfect (na-)

Present perfect of compound verbs

Question	Answer
father	پدرpedar
mother	مادرmâdar
Fathers and mothers are here.	پدران و مادران اینجا هستند.pedarân o mâdarân injâ hastand.
woman	زنzan
man	مردmard
Are those women and men Iranian?	آیا آن زنان و مردان ایرانی هستند؟âyâ ân zanân va mardân irâni hastand?
brother	برادرbarâdar
sister	خواهرkhâhar
These are my brothers and sisters.	اینان برادران و خواهران من هستند.inân barâdarân va khâharân man hastand.
boy / son	پسرpesar
girl / daughter	دخترdokhtar
The young boys and girls are happy.	پسران و دختران جوان خوشحال هستند.pesarân va dokhtarân javân khoshhâl hastand.
writer	نویسندهnevisandeh
singer	خوانندهkhânande
These writers and singers are artists.	این نویسندگان و خوانندگان هنرمند هستند.in nevisandegân va khânandegân honarmand hastand.
The university students are not tired today.	دانشجویان امروز خسته نیستند.dâneshjuyân emruz khaste nistand.
The old men are not here today.	مردان پیر امروز اینجا نیستند.mardân-e pir emrooz injâ nistand.
Are your mothers young?	آیا مادران شما جوان هستند؟âyâ mâdarân-e shomâ javân hastand?
Those writers are excellent.	آن نویسندگان عالی هستند.ân nevisandegân âli hastand.
These girls are the new singers.	این دختران خوانندگان جدید هستند.in dokhtarân khânandegân-e jadid hastand.
These boys are my brothers.	این پسران برادران من هستند.in pesarân barâdarân-e man hastand.
Your sisters are Iranian, but I am French.	خواهران تو ایرانی هستند، اما من فرانسوی هستم.khâharân-e to irâni hastand, ammâ man farânsavi hastam.
The new university students are there.	دانشجویان جدید آنجا هستند.dâneshju-yân-e jadid ânjâ hastand.
The drivers are very tired today.	رانندگان امروز خیلی خسته هستند.rânandegân emrooz kheyli khaste hastand.
These men are excellent professors.	این مردان استادان عالی هستند.in mardân ostâdân âli hastand.
Are the fathers and mothers outside?	آیا پدران و مادران بیرون هستند؟âyâ pedarân va mâdarân birun hastand?
The singers and writers here are not sick.	خوانندگان و نویسندگان اینجا بیمار نیستند.khânandegân va nevisandegân injâ bimâr nistand.
These girls are his sisters.	این دختران خواهران او هستند.in dokhtarân khâharân u hastand.
The women and girls are happy today.	امروز زنان و دختران خوشحال هستند.emrooz zanân o dokhtarân khoshhâl hastand.
all, everyone	همهhame
Everyone is here.	همه اینجا هستند.hame injâ hastand.
All the mothers are young.	همه مادران جوان هستند.hame-ye mâdarân javân hastand.