Learn Dutch: Er dreigt as uit de krater te komen. - Ash threatens to come out of the crater.

In Dutch, dreigen te plus an infinitive is not just for literal threats made by people. It acts as an auxiliary verb indicating that something is at risk of happening or is imminently going to happen. Here, it shows that the ash is on the verge of erupting, framing it as an impending negative event.

Why does this sentence start with Er instead of just saying As dreigt uit de krater te komen?

As (ash) is an indefinite subject here because it does not have de or het in front of it. In Dutch, sentences with an indefinite subject usually start with the placeholder Er, which pushes the true subject (as) later into the sentence. While starting with the subject is not grammatically wrong, using Er sounds much more natural to native speakers.

Could I use belooft te instead of dreigt te if I just want to say the ash is likely to come out?

You shouldn't in this context. While both dreigen te and beloven te indicate that an event is imminent or highly likely, dreigen te is specifically used when the expected outcome is negative, dangerous, or unwanted. Beloven te is reserved for positive or neutral expectations.

Why are te and komen separated from dreigt and placed at the very end of the sentence?