Learn Dutch: Naarmate de puber ouder wordt, verandert zijn identiteit. - As the adolescent gets older, his identity changes.

Naarmate translates to "as" or "in proportion to how", specifically indicating a gradual, parallel change. While als (when) or terwijl (while) simply show things happening at the same time, naarmate emphasizes that the identity changes in direct proportion to the aging process.

Why is wordt pushed to the very end of the first clause?

Because naarmate is a subordinating conjunction. It introduces a dependent clause, which triggers the verb-final word order, pushing the conjugated verb wordt to the end of its clause.

Why does the second part start with the verb verandert instead of the subject zijn identiteit?

This is the classic V2 (verb-second) rule. The entire first clause (Naarmate de puber ouder wordt) counts as the first building block of the main sentence. To keep the main verb in the second position, the subject and verb invert, making it verandert zijn identiteit.

Is puber the standard Dutch word for "adolescent" or "teenager"?

Yes, puber is widely used for an adolescent, specifically referring to someone going through puberty. It sometimes playfully implies typical moody teenage behavior, whereas the alternative word tiener purely refers to the age range of 13 to 19.