Breakdown of Sakupivši svoj alat, rudar je uzeo pijuk i sišao u jamu.
biti
to be (sam, si, je)
i
and (additive)
u
in, into
uzeti
to take
Questions & Answers about Sakupivši svoj alat, rudar je uzeo pijuk i sišao u jamu.
How is the word sakupivši formed here, and what exactly does it mean?
Sakupivši is a past verbal adverb. It translates to 'having gathered' and shows an action that was completely finished before the main action of the sentence (taking the pickaxe). You form it by taking the infinitive stem of a perfective verb (here, sakupi- from sakupiti) and adding the ending -vši.
Why do we use svoj instead of njegov for 'his tools'?
You use the reflexive possessive pronoun svoj when the object belongs to the subject of the sentence. Since the miner (rudar) is the subject and he is gathering his own tools, you must use svoj rather than njegov.
The English translation says 'tools', but alat is singular here. Is that correct?
Yes! In Croatian, alat is typically used as a singular collective noun to mean a set of tools or gear. While the plural alati exists, it is mostly used when talking about different distinct types of tools.
The word sišao means 'went down'. What is the infinitive of this verb?
The infinitive is sići (to go down or to descend). It is an irregular verb, which is why its past tense form (sišao for a masculine subject like our miner) looks a bit different from the infinitive.