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Croatian

### Demonstratives of Quality

To describe a specific *type* or *quality* of something, Croatian uses a special set of demonstrative pronouns. Instead of just pointing to a specific "this" or "that" object, they translate to "this kind of" or "that kind of". 

There are three main pronouns in this group, which change depending on the concept's distance from the speaker:
- **ovakav**: this kind of (like this object near me)
- **takav**: that kind of (like that object near you, or something just mentioned)
- **onakav**: that kind of (like that object over there, far from both of us)

Like adjectives, these words must agree with the **gender**, **number**, and **case** of the noun they describe.

When the noun is **masculine**, you use the base forms: **ovakav**, **takav**, and **onakav**.

{{item:1079022}}

{{item:1079024}}

{{item:1079027}}

When describing a **feminine** noun, these pronouns drop the fleeting *a* in their final syllable and add the feminine ending **-a**, becoming **ovakva**, **takva**, and **onakva**.

{{item:1079029}}

{{item:1079041}}

Because they behave exactly like adjectives, their endings change depending on their role in the sentence (the case) and whether the noun is plural.

For example, when a feminine noun is the direct object (Accusative case), the demonstrative ending changes to **-u**:

{{item:1079043}}

For feminine plural direct objects, the ending becomes **-e**:

{{item:1079031}}

You can easily contrast different styles or qualities by using more than one demonstrative of quality in the same sentence. You do not even need to repeat the noun if it is clear from context:

{{item:1079042}}

{{item:1079037}}

Demonstratives of quality (ovakav, takav, onakav)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular pronouns and to be (sam, si, je)

Noun genders (-Ø, -a, -o/-e)

Demonstrative pronouns (ovaj, ova, ovo)

Plural pronouns and to be (smo, ste, su)

Masculine plural nouns (-i)

Feminine plural nouns (-e)

Neuter plural nouns (-a)

Full verb to be (jesam, jesi)

Negative verb to be (nisam, nisi)

Yes/no questions (je li)

Wh- questions (tko, gdje)

Formal vs informal address (ti vs Vi)

Regular present tense (-ati)

Regular present tense (-iti)

Regular present tense (-jeti)

Verb negation (ne)

The verb to have (imati / nemati)

Inanimate direct objects

Feminine direct objects (-u)

Plural direct objects (-e, -a)

Accusative pronouns (me, te, ga, ju)

Adjective agreement

Plural adjectives

Accusative adjectives

Numbers 1 to 10 (jedan, dva, tri)

The locative case (-u)

Feminine locative (-i)

The verb to go (ići)

Destination (u, na)

The genitive case (-a)

Accusative pronouns (nas, vas, ga, ih)

Animate masculine accusative (-a)

Adjective agreement for animate masculine (-og, -eg)

The verb can (moći)

The verb must (morati)

The verb to want (htjeti, hoću)

The future tense (ću/ćeš + infinitive)

The past tense: l-participle (radio, radila)

Past tense word order (Prvo sam radio...)

Past tense with plural subjects (-li, -le, -la)

Feminine genitive singular (-e)

Possession and origin (od, iz)

Negative existence (nema)

Numbers 2, 3, and 4

Genitive plural (-a)

Numbers 11 to 20

Past tense negation (nisam)

Past tense questions (jeste li)

Dative singular

Dative pronouns (ti, mu, joj)

Past tense negation (nisam, nisi...)

Double object pronouns (mu ga, ti ju...)

Reflexive verbs (se)

Reflexive clitic word order

Commands and requests (radi, radite)

Plural demonstratives (ovi, ove, ova)

Possessive determiners (moj, naš, njegov)

Greetings (Dobar dan, doviđenja)

The body: Boli me glava

Directions (lijevo, desno, ravno)

There is, there are (ima)

Politeness (molim vas, hvala lijepa)

How you feel (Sviđa mi se)

Counting by tens to 100 (trideset, četrdeset...)

Quantifiers with the genitive case (malo, puno...)

Adjective agreement in the genitive singular (-og, -e)

Adjective agreement in the genitive plural (-ih)

Genitive prepositions (kod, do, bez...)

Asking what kind and which (kakav, koji)

Possessive determiners (njegov, njezin...)

Possessives in the accusative case

The reflexive possessive (svoj)

Indefinite pronouns (netko, nešto, neki)

Negative pronouns (nitko, ništa)

The verb to need (trebati)

Reciprocal verbs (se)

Introduction to verbal aspect

Perfective verbs with prefixes

Perfective verbs with stem changes

Irregular perfective verbs

Aspect in the past tense

Aspect in the future tense

Vehicular motion (voziti se, putovati)

Arrival and departure ('doći', 'otići')

Entering and exiting ('ući', 'izaći')

Singular accompaniment ('s', 'sa')

Question	Answer
this kind of	ovakav
I will not wear this kind of coat because it is too modern.	Neću nositi ovakav kaput jer je previše moderan.
tone	ton
Sir, why are you using that kind of tone?	Gospodine, zašto koristite takav ton?
that kind of	onakav
furniture	namještaj
They will not buy that kind of furniture because it is very old.	Oni neće kupiti onakav namještaj zato što je vrlo star.
fabric	tkanina
This kind of fabric is perfect for that dress.	Ovakva tkanina je savršena za onu haljinu.
nonsense	glupost
She will not tolerate that kind of nonsense.	Ona neće trpjeti takve gluposti.
approach	pristup
We do not like that kind of approach because it is bad.	Ne sviđa nam se onakav pristup jer je loš.
pattern	uzorak
Have you ever seen this kind of pattern, madam?	Jeste li ikada vidjeli ovakav uzorak, gospođo?
style	stil
I like this kind of style, but I do not want that kind of pattern.	Sviđa mi se ovakav stil, ali ne želim onakav uzorak.
Is this kind of fabric good for furniture?	Je li ovakva tkanina dobra za namještaj?
You will not use that kind of tone, sir.	Vi nećete koristiti takav ton, gospodine.
reaction	reakcija
That kind of reaction is complete nonsense.	Takva reakcija je potpuna glupost.
This kind of style is beautiful, but that kind is bad.	Ovakav stil je lijep, ali onakav je loš.
I do not expect such a reaction from him.	Od njega ne očekujem takvu reakciju.
Such an approach to work is very bad.	Takav pristup poslu je vrlo loš.
like this, this way	ovako
This is how you cut bread.	Ovako se reže kruh.
Keep going like this and everything will be fine.	Nastavi ovako i sve će biti dobro.

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