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Croatian

### The Second Position Rule

In Croatian, clitics (short, unstressed words like **je**, **su**, **ga**, and **se**) must appear in the second position of their clause. In complex sentences, each clause has its own second position.

When a subordinate clause begins with a conjunction like **da** (that) or **ako** (if), the conjunction counts as the first element. This means any clitics must be placed *directly* after it.

{{item:1080353}}

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If the clause contains multiple clitics, they cluster together immediately after the conjunction.

{{item:1080357}}

### Other Conjunctions

This rule applies to all subordinate conjunctions, including **jer** (because), **što** (what), and **kad** (when).

{{item:1080358}}

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Clitics after conjunctions (da, kad, ako)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular pronouns and to be (sam, si, je)

Noun genders (-Ø, -a, -o/-e)

Demonstrative pronouns (ovaj, ova, ovo)

Plural pronouns and to be (smo, ste, su)

Masculine plural nouns (-i)

Feminine plural nouns (-e)

Neuter plural nouns (-a)

Full verb to be (jesam, jesi)

Negative verb to be (nisam, nisi)

Yes/no questions (je li)

Wh- questions (tko, gdje)

Formal vs informal address (ti vs Vi)

Regular present tense (-ati)

Regular present tense (-iti)

Regular present tense (-jeti)

Verb negation (ne)

The verb to have (imati / nemati)

Inanimate direct objects

Feminine direct objects (-u)

Plural direct objects (-e, -a)

Accusative pronouns (me, te, ga, ju)

Adjective agreement

Plural adjectives

Accusative adjectives

Numbers 1 to 10 (jedan, dva, tri)

The locative case (-u)

Feminine locative (-i)

The verb to go (ići)

Destination (u, na)

The genitive case (-a)

Accusative pronouns (nas, vas, ga, ih)

Animate masculine accusative (-a)

Adjective agreement for animate masculine (-og, -eg)

The verb can (moći)

The verb must (morati)

The verb to want (htjeti, hoću)

The future tense (ću/ćeš + infinitive)

The past tense: l-participle (radio, radila)

Past tense word order (Prvo sam radio...)

Past tense with plural subjects (-li, -le, -la)

Feminine genitive singular (-e)

Possession and origin (od, iz)

Negative existence (nema)

Numbers 2, 3, and 4

Genitive plural (-a)

Numbers 11 to 20

Past tense negation (nisam)

Past tense questions (jeste li)

Dative singular

Dative pronouns (ti, mu, joj)

Past tense negation (nisam, nisi...)

Double object pronouns (mu ga, ti ju...)

Reflexive verbs (se)

Reflexive clitic word order

Commands and requests (radi, radite)

Plural demonstratives (ovi, ove, ova)

Possessive determiners (moj, naš, njegov)

Greetings (Dobar dan, doviđenja)

The body: Boli me glava

Directions (lijevo, desno, ravno)

There is, there are (ima)

Politeness (molim vas, hvala lijepa)

How you feel (Sviđa mi se)

Counting by tens to 100 (trideset, četrdeset...)

Quantifiers with the genitive case (malo, puno...)

Adjective agreement in the genitive singular (-og, -e)

Adjective agreement in the genitive plural (-ih)

Genitive prepositions (kod, do, bez...)

Asking what kind and which (kakav, koji)

Possessive determiners (njegov, njezin...)

Possessives in the accusative case

The reflexive possessive (svoj)

Indefinite pronouns (netko, nešto, neki)

Negative pronouns (nitko, ništa)

The verb to need (trebati)

Reciprocal verbs (se)

Introduction to verbal aspect

Perfective verbs with prefixes

Perfective verbs with stem changes

Irregular perfective verbs

Aspect in the past tense

Aspect in the future tense

Vehicular motion (voziti se, putovati)

Arrival and departure ('doći', 'otići')

Entering and exiting ('ući', 'izaći')

Singular accompaniment ('s', 'sa')

Question	Answer
to analyze	analizirati
If you analyze it, the result is better.	Ako ga analiziraš, rezultat je bolji.
theory	teorija
He claims that his theories are interesting.	Tvrdi da su njegove teorije zanimljive.
philosophy	filozofija
I think that philosophy is her biggest problem.	Mislim da joj je filozofija najveći problem.
Philosophy is useful because it gives us answers.	Filozofija je korisna jer nam daje odgovore.
freedom	sloboda
I asked what freedom means to him.	Pitao sam što mu znači sloboda.
existence	postojanje
He considers that existence can always be proven.	Smatra da se postojanje uvijek može dokazati.
It is difficult if existence becomes a problem for them.	Teško je ako im postojanje postane problem.
Students must know that they cannot analyze it quickly.	Studenti moraju znati da ga ne mogu brzo analizirati.
mind	um
The mind is free if the body does not control it.	Um je slobodan ako ga tijelo ne kontrolira.
The book describes this because we need more peace.	Knjiga to opisuje jer nam treba više mira.
reason (intellect, rationality)	razum
We know that the mind and reason are different concepts.	Znamo da su um i razum različiti pojmovi.
She reads when her reason seeks the truth.	Ona čita kad joj razum traži istinu.
conclusion	zaključak
absolute	apsolutan
The expert believes that such a conclusion would be absolute.	Stručnjak vjeruje da bi takav zaključak bio apsolutan.
If our conclusion is bad, we must repeat the debate.	Ako nam je zaključak loš, moramo ponoviti raspravu.
They are not happy when they lack freedom.	Nisu sretni kad im nedostaje sloboda.
The answer is not absolute if the mind does not agree.	Odgovor nije apsolutan ako se um ne slaže.
meaning	smisao
If the theory is correct, life has absolute meaning.	Ako je teorija točna, život ima apsolutan smisao.
I am analyzing because the meaning interests me.	Analiziram jer me zanima smisao.