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### Adjectives and Gender Agreement

In Arabic, adjectives always come *after* the noun they modify. To say "a smart man," you literally say "a man smart."

Adjectives must also agree with the gender of the noun. Most adjectives are made feminine simply by adding the suffix ة (taa' marbuuTa) to the end of the masculine form.

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### Definiteness Agreement

Attributive adjectives (adjectives that directly describe a noun) must also agree with the noun in definiteness. 

If the noun has the definite article ال (the), the adjective must also attach ال. If the noun is indefinite (no ال), the adjective must remain indefinite as well. Notice how this matching behaves for both definite phrases and indefinite phrases within the same sentence:

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When pairing multiple nouns and adjectives together, each adjective independently matches its specific noun in both gender and definiteness.

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Attributive adjectives

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

interrogative

noun

numeral

particle

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite article and locatives (الـ)

Basic noun gender (ة)

Sun and moon letters

Singular subject pronouns (أنا، أنت، هو، هي)

Indefinite nouns and nominal sentences (ـٌ)

Demonstrative pronouns for 'this' (هذا / هذه)

Separate prepositions (في، من، إلى، على)

Predicative adjectives

Yes/No questions (هل، أ)

Basic questions (من، ما، أين)

Singular possessive pronouns (ـي، ـك، ـه، ـها)

Plural subject pronouns (نحن، أنتم، هم)

Plural possessive pronouns (ـنا، ـكم، ـهم)

Noun possession

Attached prepositions (بـ، لـ، كـ)

Pronouns with prepositions

Having and possessing (عند، لـ، مع)

Regular plural nouns (ـون، ـين، ـات)

Broken plurals

Dual nouns (ـان / ـين)

Plural and distant demonstratives (هؤلاء، ذلك، تلك)

Non-human plural agreement

Present tense singular verbs

Verbal sentences (VSO)

Present tense plural verbs

Topicalized sentences (SVO)

The indefinite accusative case (ـاً)

Verb object pronouns (-ني، -ك، -ه)

Present tense negation (لا)

Question words with verbs (متى، كيف...)

Adverbs of time and place

The future tense (سـ / سوف)

Intentions and desires (أن)

Negating states and possession (ليس)

Past tense singular suffixes

Past tense plural suffixes

Negating past events (ما)

Singular commands

Numbers 1 to 10

Number agreement for 1 and 2 (واحد، اثنان)

Asking how many (كم)

Numbers 3 to 10 (ثلاثة إلى عشرة)

Ordinal numbers 1 to 10 (الأول، الثاني)

Basic conjunctions (فـ، أو، لكن)

Ordering at a café (واحد، اثنان)

Food and drink with conjunctions (و، ف، أو، لكن)

There is and there are (هناك / ليس هناك)

Direct address (يا)

Giving reasons (لأنّ)

Relative pronouns (الذي / التي)

Quantifiers (كل / بعض)

The past tense of 'to be' (كان)

Past possession

Numbers 11 to 19 and tens to 80

Telling time (الساعة)

This book vs this is a book (هذا الكتاب، هذا كتاب)

Greetings (مرحبا، السلام عليكم)

How are you? and goodbye (كيف حالك، مع السلامة)

Nationalities (مصري، مصرية)

Roots and patterns (كتب، كتاب، مكتب)

Politeness (من فضلك، آسف)

Complex possession chains

Colors and traits (أفعل / فعلاء)

Plural colors and traits (فُعْل)

Comparative adjectives (أفعل من)

Superlative adjectives (أفعل)

Adverbs of manner (ـاً)

The nominative case (ـُ)

The genitive case (ـِ)

The accusative case (ـَ)

Dual noun cases (ـان / ـين)

Masculine plurals and 'the best of' (أفضل النجارين)

Emphasizing sentences (إنّ)

Connecting clauses (أنّ)

Reporting speech (قال إنّ)

Expressing contrast (لكنّ)

Comparison and probability (كأنّ, لعلّ)

Distant plural pointing (أولئك)

Plural relative pronouns (الذين, اللواتي)

Past habits (كان + present)

Ongoing actions (ما زال)

Masculine plurals online (مبرمجون، مؤثرون)

Perfective past (قد)

Probability (قد)

The subjunctive mood (أن)

Expressing purpose (لـ)

Question	Answer
man	رجلrajul
smart	ذكيzakî
This is a smart man.	هذا رجل ذكي.hâdhâ rajulun dhakiyyun
woman	امرأةimra'a
This is a smart woman.	هذه امرأة ذكية.hâdhihi imra'atun dhakiyyatun.
hardworking	مجتهدmujtahid
He is a hardworking student.	هو طالب مجتهد.huwa tâlibun mujtahidun.
story	قصةqissa
interesting / enjoyable	ممتعmumti'
This is an interesting story.	هذه قصة ممتعة.hâdhihi qissatun mumti'ah
food	طعامta'âm
delicious	لذيذlazîz
There is delicious food on the table.	هناك طعام لذيذ على الطاولة.hunâka ta'âmun ladhîdhun 'alâ at-tâwilah
cold	باردbâred
This is a cold sea.	هذا بحر بارد.hâdhâ bahrun bâridun.
The smart man is in the office.	الرجل الذكي في المكتب.ar-rajulu adh-dhakiyyu fi al-maktabi
The smart woman is an employee.	المرأة الذكية موظفة.al-mar'atu adh-dhakiyyatu muwazzafah
boy	ولدwalad
The hardworking boy is a new student.	الولد المجتهد طالب جديد.al-waladu al-mujtahidu tâlibun jadîdun.
girl	بنتbint
The hardworking girl is in the school.	البنت المجتهدة في المدرسة.albintu almujtahidatu fee almadrasati
The delicious food is in the restaurant.	الطعام اللذيذ في المطعم.at-taâmu al-ladhîdhu fî al-matâmi.
The interesting story is in the new book.	القصة الممتعة في الكتاب الجديد.al-qissatu al-mumti'atu fi al-kitâbi al-jadîd.
The cold river is wide.	النهر البارد واسع.an-nahru al-bâridu wâsi'un.
The little boy and the little girl are here.	الولد الصغير والبنت الصغيرة هنا.al-waladu as-saghiru wa-l-bintu as-saghiratu huna