توجه کردن means “to pay attention” or, in some contexts, “to notice.” What receives attention normally follows به: به جزئیات توجه کنید “pay attention to the details.” The construction is intransitive with respect to that focus; جزئیات را توجه کنید is not the ordinary Iranian Persian frame.
The predicate is fully current from conversation through academic prose. Its commands are especially frequent in teaching and instructions, where register matters: توجه کن addresses one familiar person, توجه کنید is plural or polite, and توجه داشته باشید is a more formal way to say “bear in mind.”
Principal parts
| Form | Persian | Romanization | Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | توجه کردن | tavajjoh kardan | to pay attention |
| past base | توجه کرد | tavajjoh kard | توجه کردم |
| present base | توجه کن | tavajjoh kon | توجه میکنم |
| past participle | توجه کرده | tavajjoh karde | توجه کردهاند |
| imperative | توجه کن / توجه کنید | tavajjoh kon / tavajjoh konid | pay attention |
| negative imperative | توجه نکن / توجه نکنید | tavajjoh nakon / tavajjoh nakonid | do not pay attention |
These are ordinary (neutral standard) forms. In modern compounds with کردن, affirmative subjunctives and imperatives normally omit بـ: توجه کنم، توجه کن. Negation appears on the light verb: توجه نکن. The members remain separate words.
به لحنش توجه کن، نه فقط به کلمههایی که میگوید.
be lahn-esh tavajjoh kon, na faqat be kaleme-hâyi ke mi-guyad.
Pay attention to his or her tone, not only to the words being said. (familiar singular; neutral standard)
به هشدارهای روی صفحه توجه کنید.
be hoshdâr-hâ-ye ru-ye safhe tavajjoh konid.
Please pay attention to the warnings on the screen. (polite/plural standard)
Core paradigm
| Person | Present | Simple past | Present perfect | Present subjunctive |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | توجه میکنم | توجه کردم | توجه کردهام | توجه کنم |
| you (sg.) | توجه میکنی | توجه کردی | توجه کردهای | توجه کنی |
| he/she/it | توجه میکند | توجه کرد | توجه کرده است | توجه کند |
| we | توجه میکنیم | توجه کردیم | توجه کردهایم | توجه کنیم |
| you (pl./polite) | توجه میکنید | توجه کردید | توجه کردهاید | توجه کنید |
| they | توجه میکنند | توجه کردند | توجه کردهاند | توجه کنند |
Negatives are توجه نمیکنم، توجه نکردم، توجه نکردهام، توجه نکنم. The person ending always belongs to کردن. For the underlying stem and colloquial endings, see کردن kardan: to Do and Make.
تا آن لحظه به تفاوت دو نسخه توجه نکرده بودم.
tâ ân lahze be tafâvot-e do noskhe tavajjoh nakarde budam.
Until then, I had not noticed the difference between the two versions. (neutral standard)
لازم است هنگام تحلیل دادهها به خطای اندازهگیری هم توجه کنیم.
lâzem ast hengâm-e tahlil-e dâde-hâ be khatâ-ye andâze-giri ham tavajjoh konim.
When analyzing the data, we must also attend to measurement error. (academic; subjunctive)
The focus takes به
The focus may be a person, object, feature, or fact: به کودک، به صدا، به تفاوت، به این نکته توجه کردن. It is not a direct object and therefore does not take را. When two foci are contrasted, به can be repeated to keep their roles explicit.
راننده به صدای غیرعادی موتور توجه کرد و کنار زد.
rânande be sedâ-ye gheyr-e âdi-ye motor tavajjoh kard va kenâr zad.
The driver noticed the unusual engine noise and pulled over. (neutral standard)
در ارزیابی مقاله هم به روش تحقیق توجه کنید و هم به کیفیت شواهد.
dar arzyâbi-ye maqâle ham be ravesh-e tahqiq tavajjoh konid va ham be keyfiyyat-e shavâhed.
When evaluating the article, consider both the research method and the quality of the evidence. (academic/polite)
A pronominal focus commonly attaches to به: بهش توجه کن “pay attention to it/him/her.” In careful prose, به آن or an expanded noun phrase avoids animacy ambiguity.
این نشانه ممکن است مهم باشد؛ به آن توجه کنید.
in neshâne momken ast mohemm bâshad; be ân tavajjoh konid.
This sign may be important; pay attention to it. (formal-neutral)
Clause content: توجه کن که and به این نکته توجه کن که
With a full proposition, Persian has two useful frames. توجه کن که... means “notice/bear in mind that....” More explicit به این نکته توجه کن که... literally directs attention to “this point” and then identifies it with a clause. The finite clause keeps the mood required by its own meaning.
توجه کنید که این نمودار مقدار واقعی را نشان نمیدهد.
tavajjoh konid ke in nemudâr meghdâr-e vâqe'i râ neshân nemi-dahad.
Note that this chart does not show the actual value. (academic/formal directive)
به این نکته توجه داشته باشید که مهلت تمدید نمیشود.
be in nokte tavajjoh dâshte bâshid ke mohlat tamdid nemi-shavad.
Please bear in mind that the deadline will not be extended. (formal/polite; توجه داشتن)
توجه داشتن به presents sustained awareness or consideration, whereas توجه کردن به can describe directing attention at a particular moment. The distinction is useful but not absolute; institutional prose often prefers توجه داشتن simply because it sounds less abrupt.
Imperative force and politeness
Bare توجه کن! is natural between familiar equals but can sound corrective. Polite توجه کنید fits instructions and announcements. Formal notices also use توجه داشته باشید “bear in mind,” دقت کنید “look carefully,” and highly deferential عنایت فرمایید (formal/bureaucratic). The last is inappropriate in ordinary conversation.
| Directive | Register and force |
|---|---|
| توجه کن | familiar singular; direct |
| توجه کنید | polite/plural neutral |
| توجه داشته باشید | formal reminder |
| عنایت فرمایید | highly formal/bureaucratic |
توجه داشته باشید که ورود پس از ساعت نه ممکن نیست.
tavajjoh dâshte bâshid ke vorud pas az sâ'at-e noh momken nist.
Please note that entry after nine is not possible. (formal notice)
Nominal توجه and related expressions
The noun phrase توجه به + noun means “attention to....” It can be the subject or complement of another predicate: توجه به جزئیات ضروری است. Formal عدم توجه به means “failure to pay attention to / disregard of.” This is a nominal structure; it has no person or tense.
توجه به نیازهای محلی برای موفقیت طرح ضروری است.
tavajjoh be niyâz-hâ-ye mahalli barâ-ye movaffaqiyyat-e tarh zaruri ast.
Attention to local needs is essential for the project's success. (formal/academic; nominal توجه)
عدم توجه به دستور پزشک ممکن است روند درمان را طولانی کند.
adam-e tavajjoh be dastur-e pezeshk momken ast ravand-e darmân râ tulâni konad.
Failure to follow the doctor's instruction may prolong treatment. (formal)
Fixed با توجه به means “considering/given,” not literally “by paying attention.” Its grammaticalized use is covered on با توجه به and با وجود.
Negative scope
به چیزی توجه نکن directs the listener to ignore that focus. Adding فقط changes the scope: فقط به قیمت توجه نکن means “do not pay attention only to price,” not “do not pay attention to price at all.” Placement and intonation determine what the negation rejects.
فقط به قیمت توجه نکن؛ هزینهی نگهداری را هم حساب کن.
faqat be qeymat tavajjoh nakon; hazine-ye negahdâri râ ham hesâb kon.
Don't consider only the price; calculate the maintenance cost too. (neutral singular directive)
به شایعهها توجه نکن و منتظر خبر رسمی بمان.
be shâye'e-hâ tavajjoh nakon va montazer-e khabar-e rasmi bemân.
Ignore the rumors and wait for the official news. (neutral singular directive)
Tehran conversational forms
Everyday Tehran (informal, regional: Tehran) uses توجه میکنه، میکنیم، میکنین، میکنن with the ordinary colloquial کردن endings. The noun itself does not reduce predictably. Conversational حواست باشه “keep it in mind/watch out” is often more idiomatic than formal توجه داشته باش.
به حرف مردم توجه نکن؛ ببین خودت چی میخوای.
be harf-e mardom tavajjoh nakon; bebin khod-at chi mi-khây.
Don't worry about what people say; see what you yourself want. (informal, regional: Tehran)
Common Mistakes
1. Treating the focus as a direct object
❌ این نکته را توجه کنید.
Incorrect — the focus of attention takes به, not را.
✅ به این نکتهی مهم توجه کنید.
be in nokte-ye mohemm tavajjoh konid.
Please pay attention to this important point.
2. Using the indicative where a subjunctive is required
❌ لازم است به همهی جزئیات توجه میکنیم.
Incorrect — لازم است requires a subjunctive action here, not the present indicative.
✅ لازم است به همهی جزئیات توجه کنیم.
lâzem ast be hame-ye joz'iyyât tavajjoh konim.
We must pay attention to all the details.
3. Joining the compound
❌ کسی به هشدار توجهنکرد.
Incorrect standard spacing — توجه and the negative light verb remain separate words.
✅ کسی به هشدار روی در توجه نکرد.
kasi be hoshdâr-e ru-ye dar tavajjoh nakard.
No one paid attention to the warning on the door.
4. Misreading the scope of فقط
❌ به فقط درآمد توجه نکن.
Incorrect word order for the intended ‘not only income’ scope — فقط precedes the whole به phrase.
✅ فقط به درآمد توجه نکن؛ شرایط کار را هم بررسی کن.
faqat be darâmad tavajjoh nakon; sharâyet-e kâr râ ham barrasi kon.
Don't consider only the income; examine the working conditions too.
Key Takeaways
- The focus of توجه کردن takes به, not direct-object را.
- Only کردن inflects; modern subjunctives and commands normally omit affirmative بـ.
- توجه کن is direct and familiar, while توجه کنید and توجه داشته باشید increase politeness or formality.
- Nominal توجه به and عدم توجه به have no tense or agreement; fixed با توجه به is a grammaticalized preposition.
- In a negative directive, فقط can mean “not only X,” so its scope matters.
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