Vědět means "to know" in the sense of knowing a fact or piece of information — knowing that something is the case. It is one of two Czech verbs that English collapses into the single word "know"; the other is znát ("to be acquainted with"). Choosing between them correctly is one of the defining tests of whether a learner has internalised Czech rather than translating from English. This page covers vědět's forms and the distinction in detail.
Conjugation — athematic and irregular
Vědět is one of a tiny group of athematic verbs (alongside být, jíst, chtít) whose present tense does not follow any of the regular classes. You simply have to learn it:
| Person | Present |
|---|---|
| já | vím |
| ty | víš |
| on / ona / ono | ví |
| my | víme |
| vy | víte |
| oni / ony / ona | vědí |
Vím, kde to je.
I know where it is.
Víš, kolik je hodin?
Do you know what time it is?
Oni to vědí líp než my.
They know it better than we do.
The everyday workhorse: Nevím
Nevím ("I don't know") is one of the most-used words in spoken Czech — a complete answer on its own, a hedge, a way to buy time. Learn it as a unit.
Kde je nádraží? — Nevím, promiňte.
Where's the station? — I don't know, sorry.
Nevím, jestli přijdu.
I don't know whether I'll come.
What vědět takes: a clause or the neuter "to"
Vědět characteristically introduces a subordinate clause — the content of the knowledge — usually with že ("that"), jestli ("whether"), or a question word (kde, kdo, co, kdy, jak…).
Vím, že máš pravdu.
I know that you're right.
Nevíme, kdy se vrátí.
We don't know when he'll be back.
When the content is already understood from context, vědět takes the neuter pronoun to ("it / that") as its object — Vím to ("I know that"). It does not take a person or thing the way znát does. You cannot *vědět a city or a person.
Já to vím, neopakuj to pořád.
I know that, stop repeating it.
Nevěděl jsem to, díky za informaci.
I didn't know that, thanks for the info. (male speaker)
vědět vs znát — the core distinction
This is the heart of the page. English uses "know" for both; Czech splits them by what kind of object follows:
| vědět | znát | |
|---|---|---|
| Meaning | know a fact / piece of information | be acquainted / familiar with |
| What follows | a clause (že / jestli / kde…) or "to" | a direct object in the accusative |
| Typical object | information, an answer | a person, place, thing, song, language |
| Example | Vím, kdo to je. | Znám ho. |
Look closely at that example pair — it is the clearest demonstration of the split:
Vím, kdo to je.
I know who that is. (I know the fact of his identity)
Znám ho.
I know him. (I'm personally acquainted with him)
You can hold both at once: you might znát a person (have met them) yet not vědět a fact about them — or vědět who a celebrity is without ever having znát-ed them.
Znám Prahu dobře, ale nevím, kde je ta restaurace.
I know Prague well, but I don't know where that restaurant is.
Vím, kdo je ten herec, ale osobně ho neznám.
I know who that actor is, but I don't know him personally.
For a fuller decision guide spanning all four "know"-type verbs, see moci / umět / znát / vědět and the dedicated page on znát.
Past tense
The past uses the l-participle věděl / věděla / vědělo plus the auxiliary být, dropped in the third person.
| Subject | Past form |
|---|---|
| já (m.) / (f.) | věděl jsem / věděla jsem |
| ty (m.) / (f.) | věděl jsi / věděla jsi |
| on / ona / ono | věděl / věděla / vědělo |
| my (m.) / (f.) | věděli jsme / věděly jsme |
| vy (m.) / (f.) | věděli jste / věděly jste |
| oni / ony / ona | věděli / věděly / věděla |
Věděl jsem, že to nedopadne dobře.
I knew it wouldn't turn out well. (male speaker)
Věděla jsi o tom?
Did you know about it? (female addressee)
Future tense
Vědět is imperfective; the future is budu vědět and so on.
| Person | Future |
|---|---|
| já | budu vědět |
| ty | budeš vědět |
| on / ona / ono | bude vědět |
| my | budeme vědět |
| vy | budete vědět |
| oni / ony / ona | budou vědět |
Zítra už budu vědět víc.
By tomorrow I'll know more.
Imperative
The imperative věz / vězte ("know!") survives only in literary or set-phrase contexts (literary). In ordinary speech you would not command someone to know something; you would say Vezmi na vědomí, že… or rephrase entirely.
Věz, že na tebe nikdy nezapomenu.
Know that I'll never forget you. (literary)
Common mistakes
❌ Vím Prahu.
Wrong: vědět cannot take a place as a direct object.
✅ Znám Prahu.
Correct: use znát with people, places, and things.
❌ Znám, že je doma.
Wrong: znát cannot introduce a 'že' clause.
✅ Vím, že je doma.
Correct: a fact-clause needs vědět.
❌ Oni vědějí odpověď.
Wrong: the 3rd-person plural is not *vědějí.
✅ Oni vědí odpověď.
Correct: 'they know' is vědí.
❌ Vím ho.
Wrong: you can't 'vědět' a person.
✅ Znám ho. / Vím, kdo to je.
Correct: 'I know him' is Znám ho; 'I know who he is' is Vím, kdo to je.
Key takeaways
- vědět = know a fact; conjugation is athematic: vím, víš, ví, víme, víte, vědí.
- It takes a clause (Vím, že…) or the neuter pronoun to (Vím to) — never a person or place.
- For people, places, and things, use znát instead.
- Nevím ("I don't know") is everyday vocabulary in its own right.
Now practice Czech
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Start learning Czech→Related Topics
- znát — to know, to be acquainted withA1 — Conjugation and usage of the regular verb znát (know a person/place/thing), contrasted with vědět and its perfective poznat.
- Choosing moci, umět, znát, or vědětB1 — Distinguishing four verbs English collapses into 'can' and 'know'.
- Irregular Present: jíst and vědětA2 — The irregular present tense of jíst ('to eat') and vědět ('to know a fact'), including the tricky third-plural forms jedí and vědí.
- chtít — to wantA1 — Conjugation and usage of the irregular verb chtít, including the polite conditional chtěl bych ('I would like').
- Complement Clauses: že and Infinitive ConstructionsB1 — Choosing a že-clause or an infinitive to complete a verb.