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Usta aydınlanmaya kavuştu, sakinleşti ve yenilmez oldu.

Usta aydınlanmaya kavuştu, sakinleşti ve yenilmez oldu.
The master attained enlightenment, calmed down, and became invincible.
From Lesson 438:Postposition of dedication (uğruna)·Turkish

Questions & Answers about Usta aydınlanmaya kavuştu, sakinleşti ve yenilmez oldu.

Why does the sentence use the dative form aydınlanmaya instead of the accusative aydınlanmayı?
The verb kavuşmak (to attain, to reach, or to reunite with) always requires its object to be in the dative case (-a / -e). Even though "enlightenment" acts like a direct object in English, Turkish treats it as a goal or destination you arrive to. Therefore, the verbal noun aydınlanma (enlightenment) takes the buffer -y- and the dative -a.
How is the verb sakinleşti (calmed down) constructed?
It is built from the adjective sakin (calm). The suffix -leş (or -laş) is a very common tool used to turn adjectives or nouns into verbs meaning "to become [adjective]." Here, sakinleşmek means "to become calm," and the -ti makes it simple past tense.
Can you break down the grammar behind yenilmez (invincible)?
The root is yenmek (to defeat or beat). Adding the passive suffix -il gives us yenilmek (to be defeated). Finally, -mez is the negative aorist suffix. In Turkish, the aorist is often used to form adjectives that describe a permanent or innate characteristic. So, yenilmez literally means "(one who) is generally not defeated," which is how Turkish expresses "invincible."

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