Breakdown of Değil o beceriksiz şoförü kovmak, ona zam bile yaptılar.
o
that / he / she / it
değil
not
yapmak
to do / to make
şoför
driver
Questions & Answers about Değil o beceriksiz şoförü kovmak, ona zam bile yaptılar.
How does the structure Değil ... kovmak, ... bile translate to 'let alone fire..., they even...'?
This is a special emphatic pattern. Placing Değil at the start of a clause ending with an infinitive verb like kovmak creates the meaning 'Far from doing X' or 'Let alone doing X'. The second clause then delivers the surprising alternative reality, which is intensified here by bile (even).
Why is değil at the beginning of the sentence instead of acting as a normal negation at the end?
Normally, değil negates nouns or adjectives and sits after them. But in this 'escalating exclusivity' structure, it acts more like a conjunction framing the entire first action. Putting it at the absolute beginning strongly emphasizes the rejection of that first idea so you can introduce an even more surprising contrast.
Why does the driver take the accusative case in şoförü but then switch to the dative case ona in the second clause?
Each clause has its own verb that dictates the case of its objects. The verb kovmak (to fire) takes a direct object, so we use the accusative şoförü. The phrase zam yapmak (to give a raise) requires the dative case because you give a raise to someone, which gives us ona.
I know yapmak means 'to do' or 'to make.' Why is it used here for giving a raise?