Learn Turkish: Yemek kusacak kadar kötü. - The food is bad enough to make me throw up.

The pattern verb + -(y)acak kadar shows the degree or limit of something. It combines the future suffix -acak (or -ecek) with the postposition kadar (as much as / up to). Here, kusmak (to throw up) + -acak kadar literally means "to the point that one will throw up."

The English translation says "make me throw up," but where are the words for "make" or "me"?

They aren't there! The Turkish sentence is beautifully simple: it literally means "The food is bad to the point of throwing up." Turkish doesn't need a causative verb (like "make") or a personal pronoun here; it relies on context. English just requires those extra words to sound natural.

Why does the phrase kusacak kadar come before kötü?

In Turkish, words that describe an adjective (modifiers) must come before that adjective. Since kusacak kadar describes exactly how bad the food is, it acts as an adverbial phrase and sits right in front of the adjective kötü (bad).

Would it make sense to say kustuğum kadar instead?