Breakdown of Bu kitaplar yayınevinin müdürü tarafından incelenmiş mi?
bu
this
kitap
book
müdür
manager, director
mi
question particle (mı/mi/mu/mü)
Questions & Answers about Bu kitaplar yayınevinin müdürü tarafından incelenmiş mi?
Why is tarafından used here for "by"? Could we use the -ce / -ca suffix instead?
We use tarafından because it is the standard way to express the specific agent (the "doer") of a passive verb. The suffix -ce is usually reserved for broad groups, formal authorities, or general consensus (like hükümetçe meaning "by the government" or herkesçe meaning "by everyone"). It would sound unnatural to attach -ce to a specific individual like yayınevinin müdürü.
How is the verb incelenmiş constructed to mean "been examined"?
The root verb is incelemek (to examine). To make it passive, we add a passive suffix. Because the root ends in a vowel, it takes the -n suffix, becoming incelenmek (to be examined). Finally, the -miş suffix is added for the past tense, resulting in incelenmiş.
Why does yayınevi (publishing house) take the -nin suffix in yayınevinin müdürü?
This is a definite noun compound, also known as a genitive-possessive construction. To say "the director of the publishing house", the first noun takes the genitive suffix (yayınevi + -nin) and the second noun takes the possessive suffix (müdür + -ü). This links them together to show specific belonging.
Why does this sentence use the past tense instead of the past tense?