Stating the Agent with "tarafından"
In a passive sentence, you can explicitly state who performed the action using the word tarafından (by) after the doer of the action.
| This new work was written by a successful author. | Bu yeni eser başarılı bir yazar tarafından yazıldı. |
| The poem will be published by the publishing house. | Şiir, yayınevi tarafından yayımlanacak. |
Combine it with a question word to ask exactly who was responsible for an action.
| By whom was this music composed? | Bu müzik kim tarafından bestelendi? |
The Formal Agent Suffix "-cE"
Alternatively, use the suffix -cE. This is common in formal, bureaucratic, or journalistic contexts, especially when an official body or professional role performs the action. It follows A-type vowel harmony (-ca / -ce) and consonant mutation (-ça / -çe).
komite(committee) +ce=komitece(by the committee)jüri(jury) +ce=jürice(by the jury)eleştirmen(critic) +ce=eleştirmence(by the critic)
| The new project was approved by the committee. | Yeni proje komitece onaylandı. |
| Which work was selected by the jury? | Hangi eser jürice seçildi? |
| This long poem was found boring by the critic. | Bu uzun şiir eleştirmence sıkıcı bulundu. |
Choosing Between "tarafından" and "-cE"
The suffix -cE is generally reserved for single nouns, formal entities, or simple titles. For longer, more complex descriptive phrases (like "a young composer" or "the director of the publishing house"), you must use tarafından.
| The song was composed by a young composer. | Şarkı genç bir besteci tarafından bestelendi. |
| Have these books been examined by the director of the publishing house? | Bu kitaplar yayınevinin müdürü tarafından incelenmiş mi? |
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