Learn Turkish: Memur vatandaşın kimliğini görebilir mi? - Can the officer see the citizen's ID?

It combines the verb root gör (see) with the ability suffix -ebil. To make it a functioning verb, we add the aorist tense marker -ir, creating görebilir (is able to see). Finally, the separate question particle mi turns it into "Can they see?".

What is the -ın doing at the end of vatandaşın?

It is the genitive case ending, which works just like the English apostrophe-s ('s). It links "the citizen" (vatandaş) to the ID (kimlik) to form the phrase "the citizen's ID" (vatandaşın kimliği).

The word for ID is kimlik. Why does it change to kimliğ- here?

This is consonant mutation. When a Turkish word ends in -k and you add a suffix starting with a vowel (like the possessive -i making it "their ID"), the harsh -k softens to a soft g (-ğ).

Why are there two -i endings in kimliğini?

The first -i is the possessive suffix showing it belongs to the citizen (kimliği = their ID). The second -i is the accusative case marker, which is required because the ID is the specific direct object being seen. The -n- in the middle is just a buffer letter we always use when adding a case marker to a 3rd-person possessive suffix.