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Let's look at the plural subject pronouns: **biz** (we), **siz** (you plural/formal), and **onlar** (they).

### We are (biz)
Attach **-ız**, **-iz**, **-uz**, or **-üz** using four-way vowel harmony. If the word ends in a vowel, add a buffer **y** first (**-yız**, **-yiz**, etc.). One more sound rule: a final **ç** softens to **c** before these vowel suffixes — *genç* becomes *genciz* ("we are young").

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### You are (siz)
To address a group—or to be formal to a single person—use **-sınız**, **-siniz**, **-sunuz**, or **-sünüz**.

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### They are (onlar)
For "they are," attach the two-way vowel harmony suffixes **-lar** or **-ler**.

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### Dropping Pronouns
Because the suffix already shows the subject, the pronouns themselves are completely optional.

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We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

First person plural optative (-(y)AlIm)

Question	Answer
we	biz
young	genç
We are young.	Biz genciz.
friend	arkadaş
We are good friends.	İyi arkadaşız.
you (plural/formal)	siz
You are tired.	Siz yorgunsunuz.
ready	hazır
You are ready.	Hazırsınız.
they	onlar
They are engineers.	Onlar mühendisler.
hardworking	çalışkan
We are hardworking.	Çalışkanız.
You are hardworking.	Çalışkansınız.
old (people)	yaşlı
They are old teachers.	Onlar yaşlı öğretmenler.
We are ready.	Hazırız.
They are young friends.	Onlar genç arkadaşlar.
You are old.	Yaşlısınız.
He is a doctor, we are students.	O doktor, biz öğrenciyiz.
You are ready.	Siz hazırsınız.