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### Saying "Our"

To express that something is "ours," use the first-person plural possessive suffix. Like all possessive suffixes, it follows 4-way vowel harmony.

If the noun ends in a vowel, simply add **-mız**, **-miz**, **-muz**, or **-müz**:
- **proje** becomes **projemiz** (our project)

If the noun ends in a consonant, add a buffer vowel first (**-ımız**, **-imiz**, **-umuz**, or **-ümüz**):
- **şirket** becomes **şirketimiz** (our company)

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### Saying "Your" (Plural and Formal)

The suffix for "your" when talking to multiple people—or respectfully to one person in a formal setting like a workplace—works exactly like "our," but with the letter **n**.

Attach **-nız**, **-niz**, **-nuz**, or **-nüz** after a vowel, and **-ınız**, **-iniz**, **-unuz**, or **-ünüz** after a consonant.

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### Saying "Their"

To say "their," add the suffix **-ları** or **-leri**. Because this suffix already contains the plural marker, it only follows 2-way vowel harmony (choosing between *a/ı/o/u* and *e/i/ö/ü*).

You do not need a buffer vowel here; the suffix attaches exactly the same way whether the noun ends in a vowel or a consonant.

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### Consonant Mutation

Just like with singular possessive suffixes, adding a suffix that starts with a vowel can cause hard consonants at the end of a word to soften. For example, **p** often softens to **b**.

- **grup** (group) becomes **grubumuz** (our group)

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Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

First person plural optative (-(y)AlIm)

Question	Answer
company	şirket
Our company is big.	Şirketimiz büyük.
Where is your company?	Şirketiniz nerede?
team	takım
Our team is very hardworking.	Takımımız çok çalışkan.
Is your team ready?	Takımınız hazır mı?
project	proje
Our project is starting today.	Projemiz bugün başlıyor.
Your project is very good.	Projeniz çok iyi.
goal	hedef
customer	müşteri
Our goal is one hundred customers.	Hedefimiz yüz müşteri.
Their customer is waiting.	Müşterileri bekliyor.
file	dosya
Your file is here.	Dosyanız burada.
Their computer is over there.	Bilgisayarları şurada.
report	rapor
Our report is not ready.	Raporumuz hazır değil.
Your report is not there.	Raporunuz orada yok.
group	grup
Our group is working now.	Grubumuz şimdi çalışıyor.
Their office is closed.	Ofisleri kapalı.
guest	misafir
Our guest is drinking tea.	Misafirimiz çay içiyor.
Is your guest hungry?	Misafiriniz aç mı?
presentation	sunum
Our presentation is short.	Sunumumuz kısa.
Is your presentation starting?	Sunumunuz başlıyor mu?
Their goal is very difficult.	Hedefleri çok zor.
Our group is here and your files are ready.	Grubumuz burada ve dosyalarınız hazır.
all, entire	tüm
The whole team is ready.	Tüm takım hazır.
All the files are on the table.	Tüm dosyalar masada.