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### The Diminutive Suffix (-cIk)

In Turkish, you can express that something is small, cute, or endearing by adding a diminutive suffix to a noun. The most common is **-cIk**, which follows four-way vowel harmony (**-cık, -cik, -cuk, -cük**).

If the word ends in a voiceless consonant (like **p, ç, t, k, s, ş, h, f**), the suffix undergoes consonant assimilation and starts with **ç** (**-çık, -çik, -çuk, -çük**).

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### Adjectives and the Dropped "k"

You can also use this suffix on adjectives to mean "very [adjective]" or "nice and [adjective]." When adding it to an adjective that ends in **k**, the final **k** is dropped before adding the suffix.

| Base Adjective | Dropped "k" | + cIk | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ufak (small) | ufa | cık | **ufacık** (very small) |
| minik (tiny) | mini | cik | **minicik** (very tiny) |
| yumuşak (soft) | yumuşa | cık | **yumuşacık** (very soft) |

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### Added Vowels (-acık / -ecik)

For a few short words, an extra vowel is inserted before the diminutive suffix to make pronunciation smoother.

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### The Suffix -cAk

Another diminutive suffix is **-cAk**, which follows two-way vowel harmony (**-cak / -cek**). It often adds a strong sense of pity or deep affection, especially for people or animals.

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Diminutives (-cık / -cak)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
tiny	minik
lamb	kuzu
This very tiny lamb is looking for its mother.	Bu minicik kuzu annesini arıyor.
cute	şirin
That little lamb is both pure white and very cute.	Şu kuzucuk hem bembeyaz hem çok şirin.
baby animal / offspring	yavru
Has this cute little one missed its mother?	Bu şirin yavrucak annesini özlemiş mi?
soft	yumuşak
The little dog slept on the very soft pillow.	Köpekçik yumuşacık yastıkta uyudu.
mouse	fare
A very tiny mouse entered the kitchen.	Minicik bir fare mutfağa girdi.
small / little	ufak
He gave me a very small box.	Bana ufacık bir kutu verdi.
hill	tepe
We had a picnic on that little hill.	Şu tepecikte piknik yaptık.
That cute little cat is very lonely.	Şu şirin kedicik çok yalnız.
The little cat's fur is very soft.	Kediciğin tüyleri yumuşacık.
Were you able to catch a tiny mouse?	Küçücük bir fareyi yakalayabildin mi?
There is a nice and warm house behind the hill.	Tepenin arkasında sıcacık bir ev var.
stream	dere
This very narrow stream goes to the forest.	Bu daracık dere ormana gidiyor.
A tiny bird is standing next to the little stream.	Dereciğin yanında minicik bir kuş duruyor.
There is very little water left in the bottle.	Şişede azıcık su kaldı.
drop	damla
A little drop of tear fell from his eye.	Gözünden bir damlacık gözyaşı düştü.
The tiny little baby animal is drinking milk.	Ufacık yavrucuk süt içiyor.
Only a tiny drop of rain is falling.	Sadece bir damlacık yağmur yağıyor.