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Sentence adverbs modify the meaning of an entire sentence, often expressing a speaker's attitude or degree of certainty. In Swedish, many of these adverbs are formed by attaching the suffix `-ligen` to a base adjective, functioning much like the English suffix "-ly".

### Adjective vs. Adverb

Adjectives describe nouns, while adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or whole sentences. Notice how the adjective *trolig* (likely) transforms into the sentence adverb *troligen* (probably):

{{item:926816}}

Let's look at another pair: the adjective *uppenbar* (obvious) and the adverb *uppenbarligen* (obviously). While the adjective changes form depending on the noun (taking a `-t` ending for *ett* words), the `-ligen` adverb remains fixed.

{{item:926792}}

{{item:926794}}

### Proving and Emphasizing Facts

When fact-checking, you frequently need words that assert truth. The adjective *bevislig* (provable) becomes the adverb *bevisligen* (demonstrably):

{{item:926798}}

The adverb *sannerligen* (indeed) emphasizes that something is undeniably true:

{{item:926786}}

### Possibility and Impossibility

You can also use `-ligen` adverbs to discuss what might or could never be true. *Möjligen* means "possibly," while *omöjligen* means "impossibly" or "couldn't possibly":

{{item:926804}}

{{item:926807}}

### Drawing Conclusions

Finally, the `-ligen` suffix can mark the end of a sequence or investigation. The adjective *slutlig* (final) becomes the adverb *slutligen* (finally, lastly, or in conclusion):

{{item:926802}}

Sentence adverbs (-ligen)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite ending (barnet, hunden)

Indefinite articles and -ar verbs (en, ett)

Basic word order

Singular adjectives (stor, stort)

Plural adjectives (-a)

Sentence negation (inte)

Yes/No questions

Basic question words (vad, vem, var)

Regular Group 2 verbs (-er)

Short verbs and irregulars (har, gör)

The infinitive marker (att)

Modal verbs (kan, vill, måste, får)

Future intention (ska)

Time adverbs (imorgon, igår)

Word order inversion

Adverbs of frequency (ibland, aldrig)

Everyday things (dörren, stolen, tåget)

Definite suffix spelling changes

Plural nouns Group 1 and 2 (-or, -ar)

Plural nouns Group 3 (-er, -r)

Neuter indefinite plurals

Definite plural suffixes (-na, -a, -en)

Object pronouns (mig, dig, oss)

Reflexive pronouns (sig)

Expanded question words (när, varför)

Which and what (vilken, vilket, vilka)

Coordinating conjunctions (men, eller, för)

Prepositions of place (i, på, till, från)

Quantifiers (mycket, många)

Indefinite pronouns (någon, något, några)

First and second person possessives (min, din, vår, er)

Third person possessives (hans, hennes, dess, deras)

Reflexive possessives (sin, sitt, sina)

The genitive (-s)

Adjectives before singular nouns

Adjectives before plural nouns (-a)

Double definiteness (den, det, de)

Demonstratives (den här, det här, de här)

The imperative mood

Past tense of vara and ha (var, hade)

Possessives for names (-s)

Definite plural adjectives (de ... -a)

Genitive case for names (-s)

Numbers 1 to 10 (en, två, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (elva till tjugo)

Counting by tens to 100 (trettio, fyrtio...)

Days of the week (måndag, tisdag...)

Months of the year (januari, februari...)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (första, andra...)

Greetings and politeness (hej, tack, förlåt)

Particle verbs of direction (gå ut, komma in)

Simple past: Group 1 (-ade)

Simple past: Group 2a (-de)

Simple past: Group 2b (-te)

Simple past: Group 3 (-dde)

Simple past: Group 4

Present perfect: Groups 1 and 2 (har)

Present perfect: Groups 3 and 4

Past perfect (hade)

Future predictions (kommer att)

Future with present tense

The adjective small (liten, litet, små)

Demonstratives of distance (den där, det där, de där)

Negative pronouns (ingen, inget, inga)

Universal pronouns (all, allt, alla)

The generic pronoun (man, en)

Possessive generic pronoun (ens)

Reciprocal pronoun (varandra)

Qualitative pronouns (sådan, sådant, sådana)

Habitual time expressions (på)

Specific past time expressions (i)

Past time expressions (för ... sedan)

Future time expressions (om)

Location and motion adverbs (här/hit, där/dit)

Consequences (så)

Correlative conjunctions (både ... och)

Either and neither (antingen ... eller, varken ... eller)

Verbs of opinion and belief (tycker, tror, tänker)

Subordinate clauses (att, om)

Time clauses (när, innan, medan)

Clauses of cause (eftersom, därför att)

Negation in subordinate clauses (inte)

V2 word order inversion

Relative clauses as subjects (som)

Relative clauses as objects (som)

Relative clauses for places (där)

Adverbs from adjectives (-t)

Adjective comparative and superlative (-are, -ast)

Question	Answer
the myth (general)	myten
indeed	sannerligen
That old myth is indeed interesting.	Den där gamla myten är sannerligen intressant.
probably (likely)	troligen
Most people probably believe the myth.	De flesta människor tror troligen på myten.
likely	trolig
A likely reason is lack of evidence.	En trolig anledning är brist på bevis.
obvious	uppenbar
The error in the article was completely obvious.	Felet i artikeln var helt uppenbart.
obviously	uppenbarligen
The journalist obviously lied about the event.	Journalisten ljög uppenbarligen om händelsen.
provable	bevislig
Is it a provable truth?	Är det en bevislig sanning?
demonstrably	bevisligen
The so-called expert was demonstrably wrong.	Den så kallade experten hade bevisligen fel.
final	slutlig
Most researchers accept the final theory.	De flesta forskare accepterar den slutliga teorin.
finally (in conclusion, lastly)	slutligen
Finally, we could prove that the rumor was false.	Slutligen kunde vi bevisa att ryktet var falskt.
possibly	möjligen
The myth possibly emerged in the city where he lived.	Myten växte möjligen fram i staden där han bodde.
One can possibly explain it in another way.	Man kan möjligen förklara det på ett annat sätt.
impossibly	omöjligen
I can't possibly refrain from laughing at the joke.	Jag kan omöjligen låta bli att skratta åt skämtet.
We couldn't possibly find the source in the archive.	Vi kunde omöjligen hitta källan i arkivet.
This conspiracy theory is indeed unbelievable.	Den här konspirationsteorin är sannerligen otrolig.
the story (also: history)	historien
The story is obviously complicated.	Historien är uppenbarligen komplicerad.
It is probably a false assumption.	Det är troligen ett falskt antagande.
The difference between the myth and the truth is obvious.	Skillnaden mellan myten och sanningen är uppenbar.
The politician demonstrably lied about the risk.	Politikern ljög bevisligen om risken.
The researcher finally published the report.	Forskaren publicerade slutligen rapporten.
The story is plausible, but it is probably a myth.	Historien är trolig, men den är troligen en myt.
The final report finally confirms that the effect is demonstrable.	Den slutliga rapporten bekräftar slutligen att effekten är bevislig.