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Spanish (Spain)

### *Muy* vs. *Mucho*

In Spanish, choose between **muy** and **mucho** depending on the type of word that follows.

### Intensifying Adjectives with *Muy*

Use **muy** (very) before an adjective. It is invariable, meaning it never changes form to match gender or number.

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### Quantifying Nouns with *Mucho*

Use **mucho** (much, many, a lot of) before a noun. Because nouns have gender and number, **mucho** changes its ending to match the noun it quantifies.

| Singular (a lot of / much) | Plural (many) |
| :--- | :--- |
| **mucho** / **mucha** | **muchos** / **muchas** |

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### Putting Them Together

Remember the rule: **muy** pairs with adjectives, and the variable **mucho** pairs with nouns.

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### A little, quite: **poco**, **un poco**, **bastante**

**Poco** means *little, not much*, and it sounds negative:

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**Un poco** means *a little, a bit*, and it sounds positive. Before an adjective, always use **un poco**: *estoy un poco cansado*.

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**Bastante** means *quite* or *quite a lot*. It goes before an adjective or after a verb:

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### All the …: **todo** + article

**Todo** agrees with the noun (**todo**, **toda**, **todos**, **todas**) and the article always follows it: **todo el día** (all day), **toda la semana** (all week), **todos los días** (every day).

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Never drop the article: *todos días* is wrong.

### **La gente** is singular

**La gente** (people) is a singular noun in Spanish, so its verb is singular: *La gente **es** muy simpática aquí.* *Mucha gente **vive** en el centro.* English says *people are*; Spanish says *la gente es*.

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Irregular comparatives (mejor, peor, mayor, menor)

Question	Answer
interesting	interesante
The man reads many interesting books on the weekend.	El hombre lee muchos libros interesantes el fin de semana.
the people	la gente
famous	famoso
My sister knows a lot of famous people.	Mi hermana conoce a mucha gente famosa.
the traffic	el tráfico
dangerous	peligroso
The traffic in the city is very dangerous.	El tráfico en la ciudad es muy peligroso.
the noise	el ruido
The car makes a lot of noise and is very slow.	El coche hace mucho ruido y es muy lento.
the clothes	la ropa
expensive	caro
I want to buy a lot of clothes, but they are very expensive.	Quiero comprar mucha ropa, pero es muy cara.
cheap	barato
Do you find a lot of cheap clothes in the store?	¿Encuentras mucha ropa barata en la tienda?
We visit many famous cities in Spain.	Visitamos muchas ciudades famosas en España.
the patience	la paciencia
The new teacher has a lot of patience with the boys.	El profesor nuevo tiene mucha paciencia con los chicos.
Many students are very nervous today.	Muchos estudiantes están muy nerviosos hoy.
I like the party because the people are very interesting.	Me gusta la fiesta porque la gente es muy interesante.
The city is very beautiful, but it has a lot of traffic.	La ciudad es muy bonita, pero tiene mucho tráfico.
The dog is very afraid because the traffic is very dangerous.	El perro tiene mucho miedo porque el tráfico es muy peligroso.
You do not have much patience with the children.	No tienes mucha paciencia con los niños.
The restaurant is very expensive and has a lot of noise.	El restaurante es muy caro y tiene mucho ruido.
The new supermarket is very cheap.	El supermercado nuevo es muy barato.
little / not much / a little	poco
I eat little.	Como poco.
I have little money.	Tengo poco dinero.
I speak a little Spanish.	Hablo un poco de español.
all / everything	todo
I work all day.	Trabajo todo el día.
Every day I study Spanish.	Todos los días estudio español.
Everything is very expensive.	Todo es muy caro.
only	solo
I only have one brother.	Solo tengo un hermano.
I only drink water.	Solo bebo agua.
more; else (anything else, nobody else)	más
I want more water.	Quiero más agua.
slowly	despacio
Can you speak more slowly?	¿Puedes hablar más despacio?
The train goes very slowly.	El tren va muy despacio.
quite / enough	bastante
The hotel is quite expensive.	El hotel es bastante caro.
I speak quite well.	Hablo bastante bien.
besides / also	además
The flat is big and, besides, it is cheap.	El piso es grande y, además, es barato.
I don't have time and, besides, I am tired.	No tengo tiempo y, además, estoy cansado.

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