Learn Spanish (Latin America): El juez tiene comprobado que tú plagiaste la idea. - The judge has proven that you plagiarized the idea.

Using tener plus a past participle emphasizes the ongoing result of a completed action. While ha comprobado simply reports the past action, tiene comprobado implies that the judge has already proven it and currently holds that proof as an established fact.

How would I apply this lesson's pseudo-cleft structure to emphasize that it was the judge who proved it?

You can introduce the sentence with el que or quien to put the focus on the judge at the end: El que tiene comprobado que tú plagiaste la idea es el juez (The one who has proven... is the judge).

How could I use a pseudo-cleft to emphasize that you were the one who plagiarized?

You would apply the structure inside the subordinate clause to emphasize the subject of the plagiarism: El juez tiene comprobado que el que plagió la idea fuiste tú (The judge has proven that the one who plagiarized the idea was you).

Why is the pronoun tú explicitly included if Spanish usually drops subject pronouns?

Explicit pronouns are often added for emphasis or contrast. Here, including tú adds a strong, pointed focus—almost an accusatory tone—making it clear that you specifically are the one at fault.