Learn Russian: Если вы будете работать без отпуска, вы можете сильно переутомиться. - If you work without a vacation, you might get severely overworked.

The base reflexive verb утомиться means 'to get tired.' Adding the prefix пере- adds the meaning of doing an action to excess. Therefore, переутомиться means to get excessively tired or overworked. This is exactly how this prefix functions to show an excessive action, as opposed to недо- for an insufficient one.

Why does the Russian sentence use the future tense будете работать when the English translation says 'If you work' in the present tense?

In Russian, if a condition refers to a future scenario, you must use the future tense inside the Если (if) clause. English naturally uses the present tense for this ('If you work...'). Since working is viewed as an ongoing process here, we use the imperfective future будете работать.

Why does переутомиться end with the reflexive particle -ся?

The -ся suffix makes the verb intransitive, meaning the action is happening to the subject themselves. If you dropped it and just used переутомить, it would mean to overwork someone else (for example, a boss overworking their employees).

Could I say очень переутомиться instead of сильно переутомиться?

You will be understood, but сильно (strongly/severely) is the much more natural collocation in Russian for describing intense physical or psychological states like exhaustion, pain, fear, or emotional distress.