Learn Romanian: Această indiferență este chiar inacceptabilă. - This indifference is actually unacceptable.

Chiar is a very versatile word! Depending on the context, it can mean "even," "actually," "really," or "exactly." When placed right before a strong adjective like inacceptabilă, it acts as an intensifier, so translating it as "actually" or "really" captures the feeling perfectly.

Does it change the meaning if I put chiar before the verb, as in chiar este inacceptabilă?

The overall meaning stays the same, but the emphasis shifts slightly. Saying este chiar inacceptabilă emphasizes the adjective (it is actually UNACCEPTABLE). Saying chiar este inacceptabilă puts the focus on the reality of the situation (it ACTUALLY IS unacceptable).

Could I say indiferența aceasta instead of această indiferență?

Yes, both mean "this indifference" and are perfectly correct. Remember the rule for demonstrative adjectives: if "this" comes before the noun (această), the noun doesn't take a definite article (indiferență). If it comes after, the noun must have the definite article (indiferența aceasta).

Why does inacceptabilă end in -ă here?

Because it must agree in gender and number with the noun it describes. Indiferență is a feminine singular noun, so the adjective takes the feminine singular ending -ă. The masculine form would be inacceptabil.