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### The Third-Person Vowel Flip

In the previous lesson, you learned that for "I" and "you", the verb following **să** looks exactly like its normal present tense form.

However, when talking about what "he", "she", or "they" (the third person) want or need to do, the verb *does* change. For most regular verbs, the final vowel flips:
- Verbs ending in **-e** change to **-ă**.
- Verbs ending in **-ă** change to **-e**.

| Present Tense (He/She) | Subjunctive (with **să**) |
| --- | --- |
| *el ajung**e*** (arrives) | *să ajung**ă*** |
| *ea cumpăr**ă*** (buys) | *să cumper**e*** |

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### Stem Changes in the Subjunctive

Sometimes, flipping the ending from **-e** to **-ă** causes a small vowel change inside the verb's stem as well. For example, *vede* (sees) becomes *să v**a**dă*, and *rămâne* (stays) becomes *să răm**â**nă*.

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### Exceptions and Irregularities

Not every verb follows the strict vowel flip perfectly. Some common verbs have special subjunctive forms you will need to learn as you go:
- **a scrie** (to write): Stays exactly the same in the third person (*scrie* -> *să scrie*).
- **a face** (to do): Takes an **-ă** ending (*face* -> *să facă*).
- **a pleca** (to leave): Follows the rule, but is good to memorize (*pleacă* -> *să plece*).
- **a citi** (to read): Verbs ending in *-ește* often change to *-ească* (*citește* -> *să citească*).

Remember, just like in previous lessons, the verb **trebuie** (must) never changes form. You always say **trebuie să**, and only the second verb changes to match the third person.

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Third-person subjunctive (să)

adjective

adverb

adverbial phrase

auxiliary

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The verb to be and definite articles (a fi, -ul, -le)

Feminine definite articles (-a, -ua)

Indefinite articles (un, o)

Negative sentences (nu)

Question words (ce, unde, cine)

The verb to have (a avea)

Masculine plural nouns (-i, -ii)

Feminine plural nouns (-e, -i, -le)

Neuter plural nouns (-uri, -e, -le)

Adjectives and agreement

Present tense of regular -a verbs

Present tense of -a verbs with suffix (-ez)

Present tense of regular -i and -î verbs

Present tense of -i and -î verbs with suffix (-esc / -ăsc)

Present tense of -ea and -e verbs

Reflexive pronouns (mă, te, se, ne, vă)

Accusative prepositions (în, la, pe, din, cu)

Likes and dislikes (îmi place)

Possessive adjectives (meu, tău, său)

Third-person possessives (lui, ei, lor)

Possessive articles (al, a, ai, ale)

Formal politeness (dumneavoastră)

Demonstrative adjectives (acest, acel)

Numbers 1 to 10

The number two (doi, două)

Numbers 11 to 20

Counting by tens to 100

Quantifying large numbers (de)

The subjunctive (să)

Direct object pronouns (îl, o, îi, le)

Personal direct objects (pe)

Days of the week

Telling time (e ora...)

Months of the Year (January to June)

Months of the Year (July to December)

The Four Seasons

Weather Conditions

Rooms in a House

Basic Body Parts: Upper Body

Basic Body Parts: Limbs

Everyday Clothing

Basic Foods: Groceries

Fruits and Vegetables

Around Town

Getting Around

Setting the Table

A Colorful World

Common Animals

In the Wild

Jobs and Careers

Everyday Tech

Describing people (tânăr, bătrân, înalt)

Asking when and why (când, de ce, care)

Hello and goodbye (bună ziua, la revedere)

Coming and going (intra, sta, trece)

Where is it? (sub, lângă, între)

Knowing and thinking (știu că, cred că)

Sorry, welcome, congratulations (îmi pare rău, la mulți ani)

Introducing yourself (mă numesc, sunt din România)

How much and how many (puțin, prea, doar)

Can and may (pot merge, pot să merg)

If and whether (dacă)

At school and university

Irregular verbs in the present (vrea, lua, da, bea, sta)

Free time and sport

How much is it? (cât costă, câți, câte)

Before and after (înainte, după, până)

At the doctor (mă doare)

Meals of the day (micul dejun, prânzul, cina)

At the restaurant

Ability and permission (a putea să)

Obligation and necessity (trebuie să)

Desires and intentions (a vrea să)

Impersonal statements (se)

Adverbs of frequency (adesea, uneori)

Conjunctions for reasons and links (pentru că, deci)

Stressed accusative pronouns (pe mine, pe tine)

Indefinite pronouns (cineva, ceva)

Negative pronouns and double negation (nimeni, nimic)

The past tense auxiliary (am, ai, a)

The past tense (am, ai, a)

Regular past participles (-at, -it)

Regular past participles (-ut, -s, -t)

Negative past tense (nu am)

Past tense with reflexive verbs (m-am, s-a)

Question	Answer
the doctor	medicul
to arrive	ajunge
the hospital	spitalul
immediately	imediat
The doctor must arrive at the hospital immediately.	Medicul trebuie să ajungă la spital imediat.
alone / single, only one	singur
He wants to arrive alone today.	El vrea să ajungă singur astăzi.
for	pentru
the exam	examenul
The student must learn for this exam.	Studentul trebuie să învețe pentru acest examen.
She wants to buy a book for the exam.	Ea vrea să cumpere o carte pentru examen.
The doctor wants to see the child immediately.	Medicul vrea să vadă copilul imediat.
the answer	răspunsul
like this / so (to such a degree)	așa
He must say the answer like this.	El trebuie să spună răspunsul așa.
The boy must stay alone in the hospital.	Băiatul trebuie să rămână singur în spital.
She wants to write the answer for the teacher.	Ea vrea să scrie răspunsul pentru profesor.
important	important
This project is important for the family.	Acest proiect este important pentru familie.
The man must do this thing like this.	Omul trebuie să facă acest lucru așa.
She must leave immediately.	Ea trebuie să plece imediat.
He must read this important document.	El trebuie să citească acest document important.