Chinese (Mandarin)

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic (Modern Standard)

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Dari

Farsi

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

We've already learned short reflexive pronouns like *se* and *își* that attach directly to verbs. But when you need to emphasize "oneself" or use a reflexive pronoun after a preposition, Romanian uses special stressed forms for the third person (himself, herself, themselves).

Unlike the short forms, these stressed pronouns sit independently in the sentence. They do not change based on the gender or number of the subject:

| Case | Form | Meaning |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Accusative** | sine | oneself, himself, herself, themselves |
| **Dative** | sie / sieși | to oneself, to himself, to herself, to themselves |

### The Accusative: sine

Use *sine* when the pronoun follows a preposition (like *cu* - with, *la* - at/to) or when it is the direct object receiving emphasis (preceded by the preposition *pe*). It is often used when talking about self-reflection or personal boundaries.

{{item:1162222}}

{{item:1162227}}

It also forms fixed noun phrases, most notably *stima de sine* (self-esteem).

{{item:1162224}}

### The Dative: sie and sieși

When an action is done *to* or *for* oneself, we use the Dative forms *sie* or *sieși*. Both mean the same thing, but *sieși* is slightly longer and more emphatic. To create a strong emphasis, they are almost always paired with the short reflexive *își* earlier in the sentence.

{{item:1162229}}

{{item:1162233}}

{{item:1162245}}

Finally, notice how both cases can appear together when discussing how someone treats themselves:

{{item:1162231}}

Stressed third-person reflexives (sine, sieși)

adjective

adverb

adverbial phrase

auxiliary

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The verb to be and definite articles (a fi, -ul, -le)

Feminine definite articles (-a, -ua)

Indefinite articles (un, o)

Negative sentences (nu)

Question words (ce, unde, cine)

The verb to have (a avea)

Masculine plural nouns (-i, -ii)

Feminine plural nouns (-e, -i, -le)

Neuter plural nouns (-uri, -e, -le)

Adjectives and agreement

Present tense of regular -a verbs

Present tense of -a verbs with suffix (-ez)

Present tense of regular -i and -î verbs

Present tense of -i and -î verbs with suffix (-esc / -ăsc)

Present tense of -ea and -e verbs

Reflexive pronouns (mă, te, se, ne, vă)

Accusative prepositions (în, la, pe, din, cu)

Likes and dislikes (îmi place)

Possessive adjectives (meu, tău, său)

Third-person possessives (lui, ei, lor)

Possessive articles (al, a, ai, ale)

Formal politeness (dumneavoastră)

Demonstrative adjectives (acest, acel)

Numbers 1 to 10

The number two (doi, două)

Numbers 11 to 20

Counting by tens to 100

Quantifying large numbers (de)

The subjunctive (să)

Third-person subjunctive (să)

Direct object pronouns (îl, o, îi, le)

Personal direct objects (pe)

Days of the week

Telling time (e ora...)

Months of the Year (January to June)

Months of the Year (July to December)

The Four Seasons

Weather Conditions

Rooms in a House

Basic Body Parts: Upper Body

Basic Body Parts: Limbs

Everyday Clothing

Basic Foods: Groceries

Fruits and Vegetables

Around Town

Getting Around

Setting the Table

A Colorful World

Common Animals

In the Wild

Jobs and Careers

Everyday Tech

Describing people (tânăr, bătrân, înalt)

Asking when and why (când, de ce, care)

Hello and goodbye (bună ziua, la revedere)

Coming and going (intra, sta, trece)

Where is it? (sub, lângă, între)

Knowing and thinking (știu că, cred că)

Sorry, welcome, congratulations (îmi pare rău, la mulți ani)

Introducing yourself (mă numesc, sunt din România)

How much and how many (puțin, prea, doar)

Can and may (pot merge, pot să merg)

If and whether (dacă)

At school and university

Irregular verbs in the present (vrea, lua, da, bea, sta)

Free time and sport

How much is it? (cât costă, câți, câte)

Before and after (înainte, după, până)

At the doctor (mă doare)

Meals of the day (micul dejun, prânzul, cina)

At the restaurant

Ability and permission (a putea să)

Obligation and necessity (trebuie să)

Desires and intentions (a vrea să)

Impersonal statements (se)

Adverbs of frequency (adesea, uneori)

Conjunctions for reasons and links (pentru că, deci)

Stressed accusative pronouns (pe mine, pe tine)

Indefinite pronouns (cineva, ceva)

Negative pronouns and double negation (nimeni, nimic)

The past tense auxiliary (am, ai, a)

The past tense (am, ai, a)

Regular past participles (-at, -it)

Regular past participles (-ut, -s, -t)

Negative past tense (nu am)

Question	Answer
oneself (Accusative)	sine
Anyone who wants to help must know themselves first.	Oricine vrea să ajute trebuie să se cunoască pe sine mai întâi.
the esteem	stima
Self-esteem is a secret of success.	Stima de sine este un secret al succesului.
harsh	aspru
the leniency	indulgența
She is too harsh with herself, but she should have more leniency.	Ea este prea aspră cu sine, dar ar trebui să aibă mai multă indulgență.
to oneself (Dative, emphasized)	sieși
The doctor always tells himself that everything is fine.	Medicul își spune mereu sieși că totul este bine.
harm	rău
The man who loves himself does not hurt himself.	Bărbatul care se iubește pe sine nu își face rău sieși.
to regain	recăpăta
She promises herself that she will regain her energy.	Ea își promite sieși că o să își recapete energia.
the introspection	introspecția
to reflect	reflecta
Through introspection, the student reflects on herself and her choices.	Prin introspecție, studenta reflectează la sine și la alegerile sale.
the gentleness	blândețea
The teacher grants herself too little gentleness when she makes a mistake.	Profesoara își acordă sieși prea puțină blândețe atunci când greșește.
the selfishness	egoismul
Selfishness hurts him, but a little leniency towards himself helps him.	Egoismul îi face rău, dar puțină indulgență față de sine îl ajută.
To regain his self-esteem, the boy needs gentleness.	Pentru a-și recăpăta stima de sine, băiatul are nevoie de blândețe.
The one who dedicates himself to introspection finds it easier to answer himself.	Celui care se dedică introspecției îi este mai ușor să își răspundă sieși.
Although he has reflected a lot, Radu cannot explain the decision to himself.	Deși a reflectat mult, Radu nu își poate explica sieși decizia.
to oneself (Dative, short)	sie
He is too harsh, he forbids everything to himself.	El este prea aspru, își interzice totul sie.
Her selfishness is big, she gives everything only to herself.	Egoismul ei este mare, își dăruiește totul doar sie.