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### Among, beside

**Printre** means *among*, and it is usually followed by a plural: *printre flori*, *printre colegii mei*. **Alături** on its own means *next door, alongside*; add **de** to name who or what you are next to: *alături de mine*. *A fi alături de cineva* also means to stand by someone.

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### Before, ahead of: înaintea + genitive

Like *împotriva*, **înaintea** ends in **-a** and takes the genitive: *înaintea examenului*, *înaintea grupului*. With a pronoun it uses the possessive form: *înaintea mea* (before me), *înaintea noastră*. For time, *înaintea examenului* means the same as *înainte de examen*.

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### Behind: în urmă

**În urmă** means *behind*: **a rămâne în urmă** is to fall behind, **a lăsa în urmă** to leave behind. Followed by **cu** and a length of time it is the *ago* you already know: *în urmă cu doi ani*.

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### About: în jur de, circa

**În jur de** + a number means *about, around*. Do not confuse it with *în jurul* + genitive, *around* a place: *în jurul casei*. **Circa** means the same as *aproximativ* and *cam*; you will meet it mostly with figures.

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### From: de + a place preposition

Put **de** in front of a place preposition and you get *from* that place. Most of these stay two words; a few have fused into one.

| where | from where |
|---|---|
| pe masă (on) | **de pe** masă |
| sub pat (under) | **de sub** pat |
| lângă pat (beside) | **de lângă** pat |
| în oraș (in) | **din** oraș (de + în) |
| spre nord (towards) | **dinspre** nord (din + spre) |

**Dintre** (din + între) picks *from among* a group: *unul dintre noi*, one of us. Do not mix it up with **printre**, which places something *among* the others.

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Among, beside, around (printre, alături, în jur de)

adjective

adverb

adverbial phrase

auxiliary

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The verb to be and definite articles (a fi, -ul, -le)

Feminine definite articles (-a, -ua)

Indefinite articles (un, o)

Negative sentences (nu)

Question words (ce, unde, cine)

The verb to have (a avea)

Masculine plural nouns (-i, -ii)

Feminine plural nouns (-e, -i, -le)

Neuter plural nouns (-uri, -e, -le)

Adjectives and agreement

Present tense of regular -a verbs

Present tense of -a verbs with suffix (-ez)

Present tense of regular -i and -î verbs

Present tense of -i and -î verbs with suffix (-esc / -ăsc)

Present tense of -ea and -e verbs

Reflexive pronouns (mă, te, se, ne, vă)

Accusative prepositions (în, la, pe, din, cu)

Likes and dislikes (îmi place)

Possessive adjectives (meu, tău, său)

Third-person possessives (lui, ei, lor)

Possessive articles (al, a, ai, ale)

Formal politeness (dumneavoastră)

Demonstrative adjectives (acest, acel)

Numbers 1 to 10

The number two (doi, două)

Numbers 11 to 20

Counting by tens to 100

Quantifying large numbers (de)

The subjunctive (să)

Third-person subjunctive (să)

Direct object pronouns (îl, o, îi, le)

Personal direct objects (pe)

Days of the week

Telling time (e ora...)

Months of the Year (January to June)

Months of the Year (July to December)

The Four Seasons

Weather Conditions

Rooms in a House

Basic Body Parts: Upper Body

Basic Body Parts: Limbs

Everyday Clothing

Basic Foods: Groceries

Fruits and Vegetables

Around Town

Getting Around

Setting the Table

A Colorful World

Common Animals

In the Wild

Jobs and Careers

Everyday Tech

Describing people (tânăr, bătrân, înalt)

Asking when and why (când, de ce, care)

Hello and goodbye (bună ziua, la revedere)

Coming and going (intra, sta, trece)

Where is it? (sub, lângă, între)

Knowing and thinking (știu că, cred că)

Sorry, welcome, congratulations (îmi pare rău, la mulți ani)

Introducing yourself (mă numesc, sunt din România)

How much and how many (puțin, prea, doar)

Can and may (pot merge, pot să merg)

If and whether (dacă)

At school and university

Irregular verbs in the present (vrea, lua, da, bea, sta)

Free time and sport

How much is it? (cât costă, câți, câte)

Before and after (înainte, după, până)

At the doctor (mă doare)

Meals of the day (micul dejun, prânzul, cina)

At the restaurant

Ability and permission (a putea să)

Obligation and necessity (trebuie să)

Desires and intentions (a vrea să)

Impersonal statements (se)

Adverbs of frequency (adesea, uneori)

Conjunctions for reasons and links (pentru că, deci)

Stressed accusative pronouns (pe mine, pe tine)

Indefinite pronouns (cineva, ceva)

Negative pronouns and double negation (nimeni, nimic)

The past tense auxiliary (am, ai, a)

The past tense (am, ai, a)

Regular past participles (-at, -it)

Regular past participles (-ut, -s, -t)

Negative past tense (nu am)

Question	Answer
among	printre
There are a lot of foreigners among my colleagues.	Printre colegii mei sunt mulți străini.
The cat hid among the flowers.	Pisica s-a ascuns printre flori.
I found the letter among the documents.	Am găsit scrisoarea printre documente.
The cat came out from under the bed.	Pisica a ieșit de sub pat.
I took the box out from under the table.	Am scos cutia de sub masă.
I took a book from beside the bed.	Am luat o carte de lângă pat.
Get away from the window!	Pleacă de lângă fereastră!
Take the keys off the table.	Ia cheile de pe masă.
next to (it), alongside, beside	alături
Our house is right next door.	Casa noastră e chiar alături.
My family has always been there for me.	Familia mea a fost mereu alături de mine.
Please stay by my side.	Te rog, stai alături de mine.
before, in front of (+ genitive)	înaintea
Before the exam, I studied all night.	Înaintea examenului, am învățat toată noaptea.
The guide walked ahead of the group.	Ghidul mergea înaintea grupului.
She got there before me.	Ea a ajuns înaintea mea.
behind (to fall behind)	în urmă
My brother was walking slowly and fell behind.	Fratele meu mergea încet și a rămas în urmă.
I don't want to fall behind at school.	Nu vreau să rămân în urmă la școală.
I left everything behind and went away.	Am lăsat totul în urmă și am plecat.
about, around (+ a number)	în jur de
I paid about a hundred lei.	Am plătit în jur de o sută de lei.
About two thousand people came.	Au venit în jur de două mii de oameni.
The village has around five hundred residents.	Satul are în jur de cinci sute de locuitori.
approximately, roughly	circa
The museum is roughly two kilometers from here.	Muzeul este la circa doi kilometri de aici.
The project costs approximately a million euros.	Proiectul costă circa un milion de euro.
I waited roughly an hour.	Am așteptat circa o oră.
from (the direction of)	dinspre
The wind is blowing from the north.	Vântul bate dinspre nord.
Someone is coming from the direction of the station.	Vine cineva dinspre gară.
A cold wind is coming in from the sea.	Dinspre mare vine un vânt rece.

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