O canalizador estava a consertar o tubo, mas os azulejos estão por limpar.

Questions & Answers about O canalizador estava a consertar o tubo, mas os azulejos estão por limpar.

Why does the Portuguese sentence use the active verb limpar instead of a passive form like "ser limpos"?
The structure estar por + infinitive is used to express that an action hasn't been done yet but is expected to happen. In Portuguese, this structure always uses the active infinitive, even when the subject (os azulejos) is the thing receiving the action. You would not say estão por ser limpos.
Why is the first verb in the past tense (estava) but the second one is in the present (estão)?
This shows a contrast in time. The plumber was working in the past (estava a consertar), but the result is that the tiles are still uncleaned right now in the present (estão por limpar). If you wanted to say they were uncleaned at that moment in the past, you would use estavam por limpar.
Could I use an adjective and just say the tiles are dirty (sujos)?
You could, but estão por limpar means something slightly different. It doesn't just describe their physical state; it specifically highlights that cleaning them is a pending task that someone is expected to do.
As a refresher, why do we use "estava a consertar" instead of the gerund "estava consertando"?
In European Portuguese, the standard structure for ongoing actions is estar a + infinitive. While you will hear the gerund in Brazilian Portuguese (and occasionally in some southern regions of Portugal), estava a consertar is the standard European Portuguese form you should use.

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