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### Regular Past Participles

To describe the physical condition of an object or person, you can often turn an action verb into an adjective by creating a **past participle**.

For regular verbs, the rules are simple:
- Drop the **-ar** ending and add **-ado** (e.g., *preparar* becomes *preparado*).
- Drop the **-er** or **-ir** ending and add **-ido** (e.g., *partir* becomes *partido*).

Because these participles describe a temporary physical state resulting from a past action, they are paired with the verb **estar**.

Since they function as adjectives, the **-o** ending changes to match the gender and number of the noun being described (**-a**, **-os**, **-as**).

{{item:983207}}

{{item:983208}}

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Notice how **-ir** participles also adapt to the nouns they modify:

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Regular past participles as adjectives (-ado, -ido)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Telling time (é uma, são...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

The verb to go (ir)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Expressing obligation (ter de)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Near future (ir)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

Question	Answer
the inspection	a inspeção
When the manager does the inspection, everything is tidy.	Quando o gerente faz a inspeção, tudo está arrumado.
Your living room is not prepared for the inspection.	A vossa sala não está preparada para a inspeção.
the curtain	a cortina
to lock	trancar
The curtains are closed and the door is locked.	As cortinas estão fechadas e a porta está trancada.
to tear	rasgar
If the curtain is torn, the hotel has a problem.	Se a cortina está rasgada, o hotel tem um problema.
the glass (material)	o vidro
to break	partir
The window glass is broken!	O vidro da janela está partido!
Why is the door locked?	Porque é que a porta está trancada?
to stain	manchar
The employee starts to clean the living room because the rug is stained.	O funcionário começa a limpar a sala porque o tapete está manchado.
the air conditioning	o ar condicionado
to repair	consertar
Our air conditioning is already repaired.	O nosso ar condicionado já está consertado.
to wet	molhar
The floor under the air conditioning is wet.	O chão debaixo do ar condicionado está molhado.
It was raining a lot and now the floor is wet.	Chovia muito e agora o chão está molhado.
Your rug is also stained in the corner.	O vosso tapete também está manchado no canto.
the lock	a fechadura
The garage is not locked because the lock is broken.	A garagem não está trancada porque a fechadura está partida.
We need to repair the lock because it is damaged.	Precisamos de consertar a fechadura porque ela está estragada.
The rug where the cat sleeps is torn.	O tapete onde o gato dorme está rasgado.
The window is closed, but the glass is broken.	A janela está fechada, mas o vidro está partido.