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Portuguese (Portugal)

### Rates and Measurements

To say "by the" or "per" in Portuguese, combine the preposition **a** with the definite article of the measurement unit:

- **a** + **o** = **ao**
- **a** + **a** = **à**
- **a** + **os** = **aos**
- **a** + **as** = **às**

### Masculine Measurements (ao)

For masculine units of measurement like a kilo (**o quilo**), use **ao**.

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### Feminine Measurements (à)

For feminine units like a ton (**a tonelada**), a pallet (**a palete**), or an individual unit (**a unidade**), use **à**.

{{item:1004053}}

{{item:1004056}}

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### Stating Prices

To state prices, you can use the verb **custar** (to cost) or place the preposition **a** right before the price.

{{item:1004065}}

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Rates and measurements (ao, à)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Telling time (é uma, são...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

The verb to go (ir)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Expressing obligation (ter de)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Near future (ir)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

Question	Answer
the sardine	a sardinha
Here we sell the sardines by the kilo.	Aqui vendemos as sardinhas ao quilo.
the octopus	o polvo
the ton	a tonelada
Do you buy the octopus by the ton?	Compras o polvo à tonelada?
the potato	a batata
the pallet	a palete
We buy the potatoes by the pallet.	Compramos as batatas à palete.
the seafood	o marisco
the unit	a unidade
They sell the seafood by the unit.	Eles vendem o marisco à unidade.
This is the most expensive seafood in the market.	Este é o marisco mais caro do mercado.
We have been buying the potatoes by the ton for a month.	Há um mês que compramos as batatas à tonelada.
the merchant	o comerciante
the carrot	a cenoura
The merchant likes to sell the carrots by the kilo.	O comerciante gosta de vender as cenouras ao quilo.
The carrots and the potatoes cost one euro per kilo.	As cenouras e as batatas custam um euro ao quilo.
How much does the octopus cost by the unit?	Quanto custa o polvo à unidade?
He sells the sardines to the restaurants by the ton.	Ele vende as sardinhas aos restaurantes à tonelada.
I prefer to buy the watermelons by the unit.	Prefiro comprar as melancias à unidade.
the strawberry	o morango
The merchant brings the strawberries by the pallet.	O comerciante traz os morangos à palete.
The merchant sells the strawberries at two euros a kilo.	O comerciante vende os morangos a dois euros ao quilo.
the degree (temperature) / the degree (unit of angle/coordinates)	o grau
It is thirty degrees out in the street.	Estão trinta graus na rua.
The temperature dropped five degrees.	A temperatura desceu cinco graus.
the centimetre	o centímetro
The table is eighty centimetres.	A mesa tem oitenta centímetros.
I grew three centimetres in a year.	Cresci três centímetros num ano.
maximum	máximo
The maximum price is ten euros.	O preço máximo é dez euros.
At most, I'll wait ten minutes.	No máximo, espero dez minutos.
minimum, slightest	mínimo
The minimum wage went up this year.	O salário mínimo subiu este ano.
I haven't the slightest idea.	Não faço a mínima ideia.
medium, average	médio
I drink a medium coffee every morning.	Bebo um café médio todas as manhãs.
The medium size fits me.	O tamanho médio serve-me.

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