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Portuguese (Portugal)

### The near future with "ir"

To talk about plans and events happening in the near future, European Portuguese uses a simple structure: the present tense of the verb **ir** (to go) followed immediately by the **infinitive** of the main verb.

This translates directly to the English "going to [do something]" structure. Note that unlike the present continuous, there is no preposition between the two verbs.

{{item:948707}}

### Conjugating the near future

To change who is doing the action, you only conjugate the helping verb **ir**. The main verb stays in its infinitive form.

| Pronoun | *ir* | Structure |
| --- | --- | --- |
| eu | **vou** | apresentar |
| tu | **vais** | apresentar |
| ele / ela / você | **vai** | apresentar |
| nós | **vamos** | apresentar |
| eles / elas / vocês | **vão** | apresentar |

Here is how you might use this with various subjects:

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### Future time markers

When talking about future plans, you will often use time markers like **amanhã** (tomorrow), **depois** (later), or phrases using the word **próximo** (next). 

Because **próximo** acts as an adjective, it must agree in gender and number with the noun it describes. For example, it becomes **próxima** before a feminine word like **semana** (week).

{{item:948710}}

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### Asking about future plans

To turn these statements into questions, you can use a question word at the beginning, or simply raise your intonation at the end of a normal sentence. The verb structure stays exactly the same.

{{item:948726}}

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Near future (ir)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Telling time (é uma, são...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

The verb to go (ir)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Expressing obligation (ter de)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

Already and not yet (já, ainda não)

Question	Answer
the plan	o plano
We are going to create the plan.	Vamos criar o plano.
next	próximo
the week	a semana
I am going to make the plan next week.	Vou fazer o plano na próxima semana.
to present	apresentar
the project	o projeto
They are going to present the project next month.	Eles vão apresentar o projeto no próximo mês.
to finish	acabar
later	depois
The teacher is going to finish the project later.	A professora vai acabar o projeto depois.
to organize	organizar
the event	o evento
Are you going to organize the event next week?	Vais organizar o evento na próxima semana?
We are going to organize the event tomorrow.	Vamos organizar o evento amanhã.
to wait	esperar
for the	pelo
They are going to wait for the bus.	Eles vão esperar pelo autocarro.
She is going to organize the meeting later.	Ela vai organizar a reunião depois.
I am going to have to finish the project later.	Vou ter de acabar o projeto depois.
What are you going to do next week?	O que vais fazer na próxima semana?
We are going to organize the event in this garden.	Vamos organizar o evento neste jardim.
I am going to present the plan in January.	Vou apresentar o plano em janeiro.
I am going to wait for the next event.	Eu vou esperar pelo próximo evento.
the free time	o tempo livre
In my free time I read.	No meu tempo livre eu leio.
She has no free time.	Ela não tem tempo livre.
the birthday	o aniversário
His birthday is in May.	O aniversário dele é em maio.
The birthday party is on Saturday.	A festa de aniversário é no sábado.
happy birthday	feliz aniversário
Happy birthday, Mum!	Feliz aniversário, mãe!
I say happy birthday to my friend.	Eu digo feliz aniversário ao meu amigo.
to have a birthday	fazer anos
My birthday is in July.	Eu faço anos em julho.
When is your birthday?	Quando é que fazes anos?

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