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In formal writing, such as academic grant proposals, expressing purpose precisely is key. Instead of the everyday *para* (to/for), use the formal structures *a fim de* and *a fim de que*.

### A fim de + Infinitive

Use *a fim de* (in order to) when the subject is the same in both parts of the sentence. It is followed directly by an infinitive verb.

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### A fim de que + Subjunctive

When the action is intended to cause a *different* subject to do something, use *a fim de que* (so that / in order that).

Because it expresses an unrealized goal or intention, *a fim de que* always triggers the **subjunctive**.

Notice how the subject changes from "we" (*submetemos*) to "the committee" (*o comité*), triggering the subjunctive verb *aprove*:

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Similarly, here the funds (*a verba*) are the new subject, requiring the subjunctive *chegue*:

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Formal purpose structures (a fim de, a fim de que)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Telling time (é uma, são...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

The verb to go (ir)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Expressing obligation (ter de)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Near future (ir)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

Question	Answer
to draft	redigir
in order to	a fim de
the research	a investigação
I draft the project in order to fund the research.	Redijo o projeto a fim de financiar a investigação.
to submit	submeter
in order that	a fim de que
the committee	o comité
We submit the project so that the committee approves it.	Submetemos o projeto a fim de que o comité o aprove.
to grant	conceder
the grant	o subsídio
The director would award the grant in order to support the research.	O diretor concederia o subsídio a fim de apoiar a investigação.
viable	viável
We adapt the project so that it is viable.	Adaptamos o projeto a fim de que seja viável.
the funds	a verba
They analyze it in order to grant the funds.	Eles analisam-no a fim de conceder a verba.
In short, we work a lot in order to create a viable plan.	Em suma, trabalhamos muito a fim de criar um plano viável.
After all, I write well so that the committee approves me.	Afinal, escrevo bem a fim de que o comité me aprove.
Even the government awards a grant in order to help.	Até o governo concede um subsídio a fim de ajudar.
They draft the document so that the funds arrive.	Eles redigem o documento a fim de que a verba chegue.
Even the students submit ideas in order to get the funding.	Até os estudantes submetem ideias a fim de conseguir o financiamento.
The researcher would submit the proposal in order to receive the grant.	O investigador submeteria a proposta a fim de receber o subsídio.