Breakdown of Wczoraj Marek i jego partnerka towarzyszyli nam podczas ceremonii.
i
and
my
we
wczoraj
yesterday
jego
his, its
Marek
Mark
podczas
during
partnerka
partner (f)
ceremonia
ceremony
towarzyszyć
to accompany
Questions & Answers about Wczoraj Marek i jego partnerka towarzyszyli nam podczas ceremonii.
Why is the verb towarzyszyli in the masculine personal (virile) form if one of the people is female (partnerka)?
When a compound subject contains at least one male person (in this case, Marek), Polish grammar dictates that the entire group is treated as masculine personal. The verb must take the -li ending. Even if there were a hundred women and only one man, it would remain towarzyszyli. If the subject had been two women, the verb would take the non-masculine personal form: towarzyszyły.
Why do we use nam instead of nas after towarzyszyli?
The verb towarzyszyć (to accompany) strictly requires the dative case. Nam is the dative form of my (we). To remember this case requirement, it helps to think of the phrasing as keeping company to us.
Could we use swoja instead of jego before partnerka here?
No, jego is required here. The reflexive possessive pronoun swój (one's own) points back to the subject of the sentence. Because the phrase Marek i jego partnerka is the subject, you cannot use swoja inside it to refer to a piece of that very same subject. You must use the specific possessive jego (his).
Why does ceremonia change to ceremonii after podczas?
The preposition podczas (during) always takes the genitive case. For feminine nouns of foreign origin ending in -ia (like ceremonia), the genitive singular takes a double-i ending, becoming ceremonii.
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