Breakdown of Z powodu stresu ten zespół jest zarządzany przez dyrektora artystycznego.
być
to be
ten
this (m)
dyrektor
director
stres
stress
zespół
team / band (music group)
przez
by (agent of a passive verb)
zarządzać
to manage
z powodu
due to
artystyczny
artistic
Questions & Answers about Z powodu stresu ten zespół jest zarządzany przez dyrektora artystycznego.
The verb zarządzać normally takes the Instrumental case. Why is ten zespół in the Nominative case here?
This is exactly how the passive voice works for Instrumental-governing verbs. In an active sentence, the ensemble is the object in the Instrumental case: Dyrektor zarządza tym zespołem. But when you switch to the passive voice, that object becomes the subject of the new sentence. Since subjects always take the Nominative case, it changes to ten zespół jest zarządzany.
To say by the director, why do we use przez dyrektora instead of just putting the director in the bare Instrumental case?
In Polish passive sentences, the person or living agent doing the action is always introduced with the preposition przez followed by the Accusative case. If you used the bare Instrumental case instead, it would imply the director is an inanimate tool or instrument being used to manage the ensemble, rather than the person doing the managing.
Przez takes the Accusative case, but dyrektora artystycznego looks like the Genitive. Why is that?
You are correct that przez requires the Accusative case. However, dyrektor is a masculine animate noun because it refers to a person. For singular masculine animate nouns, the Accusative case endings are identical to the Genitive case endings, which is why we see the -a and -ego suffixes here.
How do we know to use the ending -y on the word zarządzany?
In the passive voice, the participle zarządzany acts just like an adjective and must agree with the subject of the sentence in gender, number, and case. Since the subject ten zespół is masculine inanimate and in the Nominative singular, the participle takes the standard masculine Nominative singular ending -y.
Why does stres change to stresu at the beginning of the sentence?
The phrase z powodu meaning because of or due to functions as a complex preposition that always requires the following noun to be in the Genitive case. Since stres is a masculine inanimate noun, its Genitive singular form takes the -u ending, resulting in z powodu stresu.
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